Manuscript received August 19, 2018; revised October 26, 2018; accepted November 16, 2018. Date of publication September 16, 2019; date of current version November 22, 2019. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61972448. (Corresponding author: Pan Zhou.) W. Chen, A. Zhou, P. Zhou, and L. Gao are with the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China (e-mail: webochen@hust.edu. cn; zhou.annie@gatech.edu; panzhou@hust.edu.cn; gaoliang@hust.edu.cn). S. Ji is with the College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China (e-mail: sji@gatech.edu). D. Wu is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA (e-mail: wu@ece.ufl.edu). Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JSYST.2019.2938641 Fig. 1. Tree-based method of adding noise.