Signed digit data hiding scheme

The EMD (Exploiting Modification Direction) method by Zhang and Wang uses ( 2 n + 1 )-ary notation to achieve secret message embedding into a cover image. However, the maximum capacity of this method is 1.16 ? bpp for cover pixel number n = 2 . Its embedding capacity rapidly decreases when selected pixels increase. In order to improve this shortcoming, a new data hiding scheme based on MSD (Modified Signed-Digit) is proposed. There are three major contributions in this proposed scheme. The first is only ? n 2 ? pixels will be modified and the value is +1 or -1 when the group has n pixels. Secondly, the embedded capacity maintains at least 1 ? bpp when n is increasing. The last is the stego image quality is better than 52 ? dB when the cover image's pixels are greater than 4 for each group.

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