Gracefully degrading triple modular redundancy in FPGA design with application to harsh radiation environments

Space applications form a harsh computing environment, especially for sensitive VLSI electronics. Circuits experience both Single Event Upsets (SEUs), as well as permanent failures as a result of incoming electrons, protons, heavy ions, plasmas etc. We propose a Triple Modular Redundancy system that handles transient errors and gracefully degrades the capabilities of the system in the case of a permanent failure, implemented in Xilinx FPGAs. The system was tested in a strong EM field generated by a magnetron which includes X-rays and Gamma rays, yielding promising results for developing an indigenous, full-fledged process validation for space electronics.