Principles and Practice of Echocardiography

Part 1 Physical principles, instrumentation, and routine examination: physical principles of ultrasound cross-sectional scanning - technical principles and instrumentation digital image processing cross-sectional echocardiographic examination standard plane positions - standard imaging planes three-dimensional reconstruction of echocardiographic images principles of Doppler flow measurement Doppler instrumentation principles of flow Doppler signal processing principles of colour flow mapping fluid dynamics of regurgitant jets and their imaging by colour Doppler the routine Doppler examination M-mode echocardiography - principles and examination techniques miscellaneous echocardiographic techniques I - contrast echocardiography miscellaneous echocardiographic techniques II - transesophageal, epicardial, intraoperative, and intravascular/intracardiac echocardiography, and sonomicrometry left ventricular inflow tract I - the mitral valve left ventricular inflow tract II - the left atrium, pulmonary veins and coronary sinus left ventricular outflow tract - the aortic valve, aorta and subvalvular outflow tract left ventricle I - general considerations, assessment of chamber size and function left ventricle II - segmental dysfunction - concept and techniques of measurement left ventricle III - coronary artery disease - clinical manifestations and complications left ventricle IV - assessment of myocardial perfusion with contrast two-dimensional echocardiography left ventricle V - diastolic function - its principles and evaluation echocardiographic assessment of the cardiomyopathies right ventricular inflow tract right ventricular outflow tract right ventricle interatrial and interventricular septa Doppler estimation of volumetric flow complex congenital heart disease I - a diagnostic approach complex congenital heart disease II - a pathologic approach foetal echocardiography coronary arteries pericardial diseases cardiac tumours and masses echocardiographic findings in infective endocarditis echo-Doppler assessment of prosthetic heart valves echocardiography in cardiac transplantation the echocardiogram in disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction tissue characterizations. Appendix A: normal cross-sectional echocardiographic measurements in adults Appendix B: application of Fourier analysis in echocardiography.