A FRAMEWORK FOR ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN THE INTERIOR COLUMBIA BASIN

A framework for ecosystem management is proposed. This framework assumes the purpose of ecosystem management is to maintain the integrity of ecosystems over time and space. It is based on four ecosystem principles: ecosystems are dynamic, can be viewed as hierarchies with temporal and spatial dimensions, have limits, and are relatively unpredictable. This approach recognizes that people are part of ecosystems and that stewardship must be able to resolve tough challenges including how to meet multiple demands with finite resources. The framework describes a general planning model for ecosystem management that has four iterative steps: monitoring, assessment , decision-making, and implementation. Since ecosystems cross jurisdictional lines, the implementation of the framework depends on partnerships among land managers, the scientific community, and stakeholders. It proposes that decision-making be based on information provided by the best available science and the most appropriate technologies for land management. The Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project received extensive comments (including anonymous peer reviews) on previous versions of the " Framework for Ecosystem Management in the Interior Columbia Basin. " Lack of clarity was the main complaint. Earlier versions were too vague, conceptual, technical, and contained too much jargon. At the same time, many people requested more detail, and mechanisms for implementing ecosystem management. People wanted to know how to link science and land management planning, how this process would be translated into action, how ecosystem management could be incorporated into existing planning processes and decisions, and how a more effective means of stakeholder participation could be developed. In response to these comments, we prepared a new introduction defining the objectives of ecosystem management and the framework. We expanded the discussion of the science concepts underlying ecosystem management. We expanded the discussion of the general planning model and included a discussion of risk assessments. We expanded the discussion on planning and decision-making to explain the connection between assessments and land-use planning processes. The section also attempts to define broader and more effective mechanisms for stakeholder participation.