Optimisation de la qualité de l'image échographique par asservissement d'une sonde ultrasonore robotisée. (Quality-Driven Control of a Robotized Ultrasound Probe)

The robotic guidance of an ultrasound probe has been extensively studied as a way to assist sonographers in performing an exam. In particular, ultrasound-based visual servoing methods have been developed to fulfill various tasks, such as compensating for physiological motion, maintaining the visibility of an anatomic target during teleoperation, or tracking a surgical instrument. However, due to the specific nature of ultrasound images, guaranteeing a good image quality during the procedure remains an unaddressed challenge. This thesis deals with the control of ultrasound image quality for a robot-held ultrasound probe. The ultrasound signal quality within the image is represented by a confidence map, which is used to design a servo control law for optimizing the placement of the ultrasound probe. A control fusion is also proposed to optimize the acoustic window for a specific anatomical target which is tracked in the ultrasound images. The method is illustrated in a teleoperation scenario, where the control is shared between the automatic controller and a human operator.