The Routledge Handbook of Language and Identity

pay attention to the discursive (re)production of ideologies by examining how bi/multilingual individuals respond to the power of English in their everyday lives. We illustrate these ideas drawing on interview-based narratives, conversational interaction and media representations. While questions concerning post-colonial identities are relevant across a wide range of geographical and linguistic contexts, we frequently refer to settings which we are most familiar with, namely India, Tanzania and Hawai‘i, settings that qualify as post-colonial due to their occupation by British or American imperial powers. We then turn to a discussion of ongoing debates in applied and sociolinguistics, focusing on the thorny topic of hybridity and the politics of knowledge production and dissemination. The chapter ends with a discussion of the relationship between individual and societal multilingualism involving English in post-colonial contexts