Lipid management in chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2013 clinical practice guideline.

DESCRIPTION The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) organization developed a clinical practice guideline in 2013 on lipid management and treatment of all adults and children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). All forms of CKD are included (non-dialysis-dependent, dialysis-dependent, and kidney transplant recipients). METHODS The KDIGO Lipid Guideline Development Work Group defined the scope of the guideline, gathered evidence, determined topics for systematic review, and graded the quality of evidence that had been summarized by an evidence review team. Searches of the English-language literature were conducted through August 2011 and supplemented by targeted searches through June 2013. Final modification of the guidelines was informed by the KDIGO Board of Directors and a public review process involving registered stakeholders. RECOMMENDATIONS The full guideline includes 13 recommendations; a key element was the recommendation for statin or statin with ezetimibe treatment of adults aged 50 years or older with estimated glomerular filtration rates less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 but not treated with long-term dialysis or kidney transplantation. This synopsis focuses on 8 recommendations pertinent to assessment of lipid status and treatment with a statin-based regimen in adults.

[1]  A. Levin,et al.  Practice Guideline , 2020, Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine.

[2]  M. Tonelli,et al.  Association between LDL-C and risk of myocardial infarction in CKD. , 2013, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[3]  M. Jardine,et al.  Effect of statin therapy on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2013, European heart journal.

[4]  Shah Ebrahim,et al.  [European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)]. , 2013, Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir.

[5]  M. Tonelli,et al.  Benefits and Harms of Statin Therapy for Persons With Chronic Kidney Disease , 2012, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[6]  Shah Ebrahim,et al.  European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Version 2012) , 2012, International Journal of Behavioral Medicine.

[7]  D. Simons-Morton,et al.  Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents: Summary Report , 2011, Pediatrics.

[8]  M. Landray,et al.  The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled trial , 2011, The Lancet.

[9]  W. März,et al.  Atorvastatin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on hemodialysis. , 2011, Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN.

[10]  G. Hitman,et al.  Effects of atorvastatin on kidney outcomes and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes: an analysis from the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS). , 2009, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[11]  W. März,et al.  Association of LDL cholesterol and inflammation with cardiovascular events and mortality in hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. , 2009, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[12]  Rafael Perera,et al.  Lipid re-screening: what is the best measure and interval? , 2009, Heart.

[13]  Gert Mayer,et al.  Rosuvastatin and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[14]  A. Sheikh,et al.  Predicting cardiovascular risk in England and Wales: prospective derivation and validation of QRISK2 , 2008, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[15]  Stephane Heritier,et al.  Monitoring Cholesterol Levels: Measurement Error or True Change? , 2008, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[16]  R. Collins,et al.  Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55 000 vascular deaths , 2007, The Lancet.

[17]  M. Pfeffer,et al.  Proteinuria, impaired kidney function, and adverse outcomes in people with coronary disease: analysis of a previously conducted randomised trial , 2006, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[18]  S. Grundy.  Diabetes and coronary risk equivalency: what does it mean? , 2006, Diabetes care.

[19]  M. Woodward,et al.  Adding social deprivation and family history to cardiovascular risk assessment: the ASSIGN score from the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort (SHHEC) , 2005, Heart.

[20]  W. März,et al.  Atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[21]  Shih‐Ping Hsu,et al.  Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: Association with Mortality and Hospitalization in Hemodialysis Patients , 2005, Blood Purification.

[22]  M. Tonelli,et al.  The association among renal insufficiency, pharmacotherapy, and outcomes in 6,427 patients with heart failure and coronary artery disease. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[23]  Robert M Califf,et al.  Relation between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[24]  N. Powe,et al.  Association between cholesterol level and mortality in dialysis patients: role of inflammation and malnutrition. , 2004, JAMA.

[25]  I. Holme,et al.  Effect of fluvastatin on cardiac outcomes in renal transplant recipients: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial , 2003, The Lancet.

[26]  K. Iseki,et al.  Hypocholesterolemia is a significant predictor of death in a cohort of chronic hemodialysis patients. , 2002, Kidney international.

[27]  GerdAssmann,et al.  Simple Scoring Scheme for Calculating the Risk of Acute Coronary Events Based on the 10-Year Follow-Up of the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster (PROCAM) Study , 2002 .

[28]  J. Coresh,et al.  Epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in chronic renal disease. , 1998, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[29]  B. Kasiske.  Hyperlipidemia in patients with chronic renal disease. , 1998, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[30]  D. Levy,et al.  Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. , 1998, Circulation.

[31]  P. Bachorik,et al.  National Cholesterol Education Program recommendations for measurement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: executive summary. The National Cholesterol Education Program Working Group on Lipoprotein Measurement. , 1995, Clinical chemistry.

[32]  P. Wood,et al.  National Cholesterol Education Program recommendations for measurement of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: executive summary. The National Cholesterol Education Program Working Group on Lipoprotein Measurement. , 1995, Clinical chemistry.

[33]  E. Stein,et al.  National Cholesterol Education Program recommendations for triglyceride measurement: executive summary. The National Cholesterol Education Program Working Group on Lipoprotein Measurement. , 1995, Clinical chemistry.

[34]  J. Mckenney,et al.  Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II) , 1993, JAMA.

[35]  E G Lowrie,et al.  Death risk in hemodialysis patients: the predictive value of commonly measured variables and an evaluation of death rate differences between facilities. , 1990, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[36]  H. Krumholz,et al.  Three reasons to abandon low-density lipoprotein targets: an open letter to the Adult Treatment Panel IV of the National Institutes of Health. , 2012, Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes.

[37]  N. Unwin,et al.  Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National , 2009 .

[38]  M. Pencina,et al.  In-hospital and 1-year outcomes among percutaneous coronary intervention patients with chronic kidney disease in the era of drug-eluting stents: a report from the EVENT (Evaluation of Drug Eluting Stents and Ischemic Events) registry. , 2009, JACC. Cardiovascular interventions.

[39]  K. Kalantar-Zadeh,et al.  Association between serum lipids and survival in hemodialysis patients and impact of race. , 2007, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[40]  A. Hoes,et al.  [Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice]. , 2005, Revue medicale de Liege.

[41]  K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for management of dyslipidemias in patients with kidney disease. , 2003, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.