Signal to noise improvements in seismoelectric data acquisition

Electrokinetic effects induced by seismic waves are of interest for their sensitivity to the pore fluid content, porosity and permeability of porous and fractured rocks and sediments. Two dominant types of signals, known as co-seismic and interfacial seismoelectric effects, have been predicted by theoretical modeling and confirmed by measurements since the early 1990’s. The development of practical applications for these phenomena has progressed more slowly as a result of the challenges involved in their routine measurement. We discuss the common sources of noise encountered and approaches that have been developed to deal with them. Recent trends in surface and borehole field experiments are also briefly discussed.