Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Cataract

The authors review the available evidence supporting the possible role of oxidative stress in cataract formation from an epidemiological and a clinical point of view. They discuss in more detail what is presently known about the molecular mechanisms of response of the mammalian lens to an oxidative insult and report unpublished data on gene modulation upon oxidative stress in a bovine lens model. Main research endeavors that seem to be a most promising source of new insights into the problem of age-related cataract formation are briefly discussed.

[1]  T. Miura,et al.  Antioxidant activity of metallothionein compared with reduced glutathione. , 1997, Life sciences.

[2]  J. Kuszak,et al.  A brief photochemically induced oxidative insult causes irreversible lens damage and cataract. I. Transparency and epithelial cell layer. , 1995, Experimental eye research.

[3]  L. Kühn,et al.  Translational Regulation of mRNAs with Distinct IRE Sequences by Iron Regulatory Proteins 1 and 2* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[4]  E. Goncharova,et al.  Spontaneous mutagenesis in mammalian cells is caused mainly by oxidative events and can be blocked by antioxidants and metallothionein. , 1998, Mutation research.

[5]  K. Alvares,et al.  Human age-related cataract and lens epithelial cell death. , 1998, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[6]  A. Carta,et al.  Distribution of cataract types in the Italian-American case-control study and at surgery in the Parma area. , 1995, Ophthalmology.

[7]  F Wang,et al.  Plasma Antioxidants and Risk of Cortical and Nuclear Cataract , 1993, Epidemiology.

[8]  J. Sanes,et al.  Mice deficient for the secreted glycoprotein SPARC/osteonectin/BM40 develop normally but show severe age‐onset cataract formation and disruption of the lens , 1998, The EMBO journal.

[9]  F. Ederer,et al.  Epidemiologic associations with nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. , 1986, American journal of epidemiology.

[10]  M. Cazzola,et al.  Hereditary hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome: relationship between phenotypes and specific mutations in the iron-responsive element of ferritin light-chain mRNA. , 1997, Blood.

[11]  R. Milton,et al.  Location and severity of cortical opacities in different regions of the lens in age-related cataract. , 1996, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[12]  D G Pitts,et al.  Ocular effects of ultraviolet radiation from 295 to 365 nm. , 1977, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[13]  L. Chylack,et al.  Antioxidant status in persons with and without senile cataract. , 1988, Archives of ophthalmology.

[14]  A. Spector,et al.  The aqueous humor is capable of generating and degrading H2O2. , 1998, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[15]  A. Spector,et al.  The redox active components H2O2 and N-acetyl-L-cysteine regulate expression of c-jun and c-fos in lens systems. , 1994, Experimental eye research.

[16]  C. Shy,et al.  Sunlight and other risk factors for cataracts: an epidemiologic study. , 1988, American journal of public health.

[17]  Simon C Watkins,et al.  Overexpression of metallothionein decreases sensitivity of pulmonary endothelial cells to oxidant injury. , 1997, American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology.

[18]  J. Salonen,et al.  Association between low plasma vitamin E concentration and progression of early cortical lens opacities. , 1996, American journal of epidemiology.

[19]  J. Trevithick,et al.  A possible role for vitamins C and E in cataract prevention. , 1991, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[20]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: an overview. , 1990, Methods in enzymology.

[21]  K. Utsumi,et al.  Increased metallothionein content in rat liver induced by X irradiation and exposure to high oxygen tension. , 1983, Radiation research.

[22]  J. Kuszak,et al.  Lens epithelial cell apoptosis appears to be a common cellular basis for non-congenital cataract development in humans and animals , 1995, The Journal of cell biology.

[23]  P. Söderberg.  Sodium and potassium in the lens after exposure to radiation in the 300 nm wavelength region. , 1991, Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology.

[24]  D. Girelli,et al.  Hereditary hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome caused by a 29-base pair deletion in the iron responsive element of ferritin L-subunit gene. , 1997, Blood.

[25]  L T Chylack,et al.  The Lens Opacities Case-Control Study. Risk factors for cataract. , 1991, Archives of ophthalmology.

[26]  F. Giblin,et al.  Metabolism and function of glutathione in the lens. , 1984, Ciba Foundation symposium.

[27]  E. Perkins,et al.  Sunlight, skin sensitivity, and senile cataract. , 1989, American journal of epidemiology.

[28]  C Kupfer,et al.  Bowman lecture. The conquest of cataract: a global challenge. , 1985, Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom.

[29]  M. Hentze,et al.  Activation of iron regulatory protein-1 by oxidative stress in vitro. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[30]  R. Cumming,et al.  Prevalence of cataract in Australia: the Blue Mountains eye study. , 1997, Ophthalmology.

[31]  M. Kantorow,et al.  Differential display detects altered gene expression between cataractous and normal human lenses. , 1998, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[32]  M. Cazzola,et al.  Hereditary Hyperferritinemia-Cataract Syndrome: Relationship Between Phenotypes and Specific Mutations in the Iron-Responsive Element of Ferritin Light-Chain mRNA , 1997 .

[33]  J. Zigler,et al.  Oxidative stress induces differential gene expression in a human lens epithelial cell line. , 1999, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[34]  A. Spector,et al.  A brief photochemically induced oxidative insult causes irreversible lens damage and cataract. II. Mechanism of action. , 1995, Experimental eye research.

[35]  C. Kupfer,et al.  The conquest of cataract: a global challenge , 1985 .

[36]  F. Shang,et al.  Activity of Ubiquitin-dependent Pathway in Response to Oxidative Stress , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[37]  D D Duncan,et al.  Sunlight exposure and risk of lens opacities in a population-based study: the Salisbury Eye Evaluation project. , 1998, JAMA.

[38]  B. Munoz,et al.  Ultraviolet light exposure and risk of posterior subcapsular cataracts. , 1989, Archives of ophthalmology.

[39]  S. Ho,et al.  Sunlight exposure, antioxidant status, and cataract in Hong Kong fishermen. , 1993, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[40]  E. Sage,et al.  SPARC deficiency leads to early-onset cataractogenesis. , 1998, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[41]  A. Fornace,et al.  Coordinate induction of metallothioneins I and II in rodent cells by UV irradiation , 1988, Molecular and cellular biology.

[42]  A. Spector,et al.  DNA single strand breaks in human lens epithelial cells from patients with cataract. , 1993, Current eye research.

[43]  J. Patterson,et al.  Effects of oxidants on lens transport. , 1991, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[44]  F S Rosenthal,et al.  Effect of ultraviolet radiation on cataract formation. , 1988, The New England journal of medicine.

[45]  M. Stazi,et al.  Risk factors for age-related cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. The Italian-American Cataract Study Group. , 1991, American journal of epidemiology.

[46]  R. Milton,et al.  A dose-response effect between a sunlight index and age-related cataracts , 1994 .

[47]  A. Spector,et al.  Hydrogen peroxide and human cataract. , 1981, Experimental eye research.