Living Mulches in Field Cultivation of Vegetables

Living Mulches in Field Cultivation of Vegetables Living mulches as an element of vegetable cultivation in the integrated and ecological production systems perform a protective function towards the soil and the cultivated crops. They improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, and reduce weed and pest infestation. At the same time, however, they compete with vegetable plants for nutrients, water and space, and that is why research work has been carried out with the aim of minimizing this competition. The success of vegetable production with the assistance of living mulches depends on the right selection of the species, sowing or planting dates, as well as the means of controlling the growth of the companion plants. The experiments carried out at the Department of Horticulture of Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences demonstrated the usefulness of white clover and pink serradella as living mulches for tomato and leek, and of perennial ryegrass for pepper. Controlling the biomass of companion plants by regular mowing brought about a 2-17.2% increase in the yield of tomato fruits. The most favourable sowing date for these plants in the cultivation of pepper was week 9 and 12 of pepper plant growth, and week 4 and 6 in the cultivation of leek. Żywe Ściółki w Polowej Uprawie Warzyw Żywe ściółki jako element uprawy warzyw w systemie integrowanym i ekologicznym spełniają funkcję ochronną w stosunku do gleby i roślin uprawnych. Poprawiają właściwości fizyczne, chemiczne i biologiczne gleby, ograniczają występowanie szkodników i chwastów. Jednocześnie jednak konkurują z warzywami o składniki pokarmowe, wodę i miejsce, dlatego też prowadzone są badania mające na celu zminimalizowanie tej konkurencji. Powodzenie uprawy warzyw z żywymi ściółkami zależy od właściwego doboru gatunków, terminu siewu lub sadzenia, a także sposobu ograniczania wzrostu wsiewek. Badania przeprowadzone w Katedrze Ogrodnictwa UP we Wrocławiu wykazały przydatność koniczyny białej i seradeli siewnej jako żywej ściółki dla pomidora i pora, a życicy trwałej dla papryki. Ograniczenie plonu biomasy wsiewek przez systematyczne koszenie spowodowało zwiększenie plonu owoców pomidora o 2 - 17,2%. Najkorzystniejszym terminem ich siewu w uprawie papryki był 9 i 12 tydzień wzrostu warzywa, natomiast dla pora 4 i 6 tydzień.

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