Capacity value of offshore wind in Great Britain

The extent to which large volumes of offshore wind can contribute to a secure and reliable electricity supply is the subject of much debate. Central to providing credible answers is a detailed understanding of the wind resource and its variability in time and space. Here, a mesoscale atmospheric model was employed to create a 10 year hindcast of British onshore and offshore wind speeds and simulate the output of a British offshore wind fleet. This enabled estimation of the capacity value of British wind fleets both on- and offshore during periods of high winter demand. It provides a credible estimate of the distinct long-term contribution of production from a future British offshore wind fleet and indicates substantial improvement over onshore wind. Furthermore, a first level analysis demonstrated that the availability of offshore wind farms had a modest negative impact on the capacity value of wind but that conventional generation and demand levels played a more significant role.

[1]  D. Elliott,et al.  Development and Validation of High-Resolution State Wind Resource Maps for the United States , 2005 .

[2]  M O'Malley,et al.  Capacity Value of Wind Power, Calculation, and Data Requirements: the Irish Power System Case , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[3]  Mark Z. Jacobson,et al.  California offshore wind energy potential , 2010 .

[4]  M. Fripp,et al.  Effects of Temporal Wind Patterns on the Value of Wind-Generated Electricity in California and the Northwest , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[5]  S. Hawkins High resolution reanalysis of wind speeds over the British Isles for wind energy integration , 2012 .

[6]  Peter Tavner,et al.  Offshore Wind Turbines: Reliability, availability and maintenance , 2012 .

[7]  Peter Tavner,et al.  Study of weather and location effects on wind turbine failure rates , 2013 .

[8]  Sasa Z. Djokic,et al.  Equivalent power curve model of a wind farm based on field measurement data , 2011, 2011 IEEE Trondheim PowerTech.

[9]  Wind Energy and Climate: Modeling the Atmospheric Impacts of Wind Energy Turbines , 2007 .

[10]  Peter Tavner,et al.  Reliability analysis for wind turbines , 2007 .

[11]  R. Billinton,et al.  Multistate Wind Energy Conversion System Models for Adequacy Assessment of Generating Systems Incorporating Wind Energy , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[12]  Roy Billinton,et al.  Reliability evaluation of power systems , 1984 .

[13]  R J Whiting,et al.  Availability Trends Observed at Operational Wind Farms , 2007 .

[14]  G. P. Harrison,et al.  Preliminary Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on the UK Onshore Wind Energy Resource , 2008 .

[15]  G. Powers,et al.  A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3 , 2008 .

[16]  David Palchak,et al.  Eastern Renewable Generation Integration Study: Flexibility and High Penetrations of Wind and Solar; NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) , 2015 .

[17]  A Keane,et al.  Capacity Value of Wind Power , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[18]  J.W. Bialek,et al.  Realistic calculation of wind generation capacity credits , 2009, 2009 CIGRE/IEEE PES Joint Symposium Integration of Wide-Scale Renewable Resources Into the Power Delivery System.

[19]  Gareth Harrison,et al.  Characterising the reliability of production from future British offshore wind fleets , 2011 .

[20]  G. Harrison,et al.  Consideration of Wind Speed Variability in Creating a Regional Aggregate Wind Power Time Series , 2014 .

[21]  N. Mortensen,et al.  The numerical wind atlas - the KAMM/WAsP method , 2001 .

[22]  Stan Zachary,et al.  Probability theory of capacity value of additional generation , 2012 .

[23]  Yanhui Feng,et al.  Early experiences with UK round 1 offshore wind farms , 2010 .

[24]  Peter Tavner,et al.  Wind turbine downtime and its importance for offshore deployment. , 2011 .

[25]  Gareth Harrison,et al.  Will climate change impact on wind power development in the UK? , 2012, Climatic Change.

[26]  Peter Tavner,et al.  Reliability of wind turbine subassemblies , 2009 .