3D Network Magnetophotonic Crystals Fabricated on Morpho Butterfly Wing Templates

A simple synthesis method combining a sol-gel route followed by a reduction step is developed for the fabrication of magnetophotonic crystal (MPC) materials from Morpho butterfl y wings. The sol-gel route leads to hematite with a photonic crystal structure (PC- α -Fe 2 O 3 ) being faithfully replicated from a biotemplate, and the desired magnetophotonic crystal Fe 3 O 4 (MPC-Fe 3 O 4 ) is obtained by the reduction of the PC- α -Fe 2 O 3 under a H 2 /Ar atmosphere. The structural replication fi delity of the process is demonstrated on both the macro- and microscale, and even down to the nanoscale, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, refl ectance measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the chemical transformation of PC- α -Fe 2 O 3 to MPC-Fe 3 O 4 changes only the dielectric constant and does not induce structural defects that could affect the photonic-crystal properties of the composite. The photonic band gap of MPC-Fe 3 O 4 can be red-shifted with an increase of the external magnetic fi eld strength, which is further supported by theoretical calculations. The reported biomimetic technique provides an effective approach to produce magnetophotonic crystals from nature with 3D networks, which may open up an avenue for the creation of new magneto-optical devices and theoretical research in this fi eld.