Characterizing Women (Not) Contributing to Open-Source

Women are under-represented not only in software development, but even more so in the Open-Source Software (OSS) community. In this study we examine whether there are differences between women in OSS community and outside of it. Identifying these differences may help to attract other women to contribute to OSS. Furthermore, it might uncover potential biases in data about female developers that are gathered through the mining of software repositories research. Using the data from the Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2018, counting 100,000+ respondents (6.9% female), we compare the characteristics of women who report to contribute to OSS and those who report to not contribute. Surprisingly, we did not found the expected differences to be present, thus suggesting that open-source software data represents well the closed-source population of female developers. However, our results did not identify potential correlates of higher under-representation of women in OSS than in closed-source setting.

[1]  Chris Parnin,et al.  "We Don't Do That Here": How Collaborative Editing with Mentors Improves Engagement in Social Q&A Communities , 2018, CHI.

[2]  C. Hill,et al.  Why So Few? Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. , 2010 .

[3]  Gemma Catolino,et al.  Gender Diversity and Women in Software Teams: How Do They Affect Community Smells? , 2019, 2019 IEEE/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Society (ICSE-SEIS).

[4]  Sandra Slaughter,et al.  Understanding the Motivations, Participation, and Performance of Open Source Software Developers: A Longitudinal Study of the Apache Projects , 2006, Manag. Sci..

[5]  Stephan Diehl,et al.  Usage and attribution of Stack Overflow code snippets in GitHub projects , 2018, Empirical Software Engineering.

[6]  Michele Lanza,et al.  An extensive comparison of bug prediction approaches , 2010, 2010 7th IEEE Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR 2010).

[7]  Alexander Serebrenik,et al.  Perceptions of Diversity on Git Hub: A User Survey , 2015, 2015 IEEE/ACM 8th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering.

[8]  Yi Wang,et al.  Competence-Confidence Gap: A Threat to Female Developers' Contribution on GitHub , 2018, 2018 IEEE/ACM 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Society (ICSE-SEIS).

[9]  Alexander Serebrenik,et al.  StackOverflow and GitHub: Associations between Software Development and Crowdsourced Knowledge , 2013, 2013 International Conference on Social Computing.

[10]  A.E. Hassan,et al.  The road ahead for Mining Software Repositories , 2008, 2008 Frontiers of Software Maintenance.

[11]  Alexander Serebrenik,et al.  Poster: How Do Community Smells Influence Code Smells? , 2018, 2018 IEEE/ACM 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion (ICSE-Companion).

[12]  Bryan Fuller,et al.  Change driven by nature: A meta-analytic review of the proactive personality literature , 2009 .

[13]  Philippe Kruchten,et al.  Social debt in software engineering: insights from industry , 2015, Journal of Internet Services and Applications.

[14]  Alexander Serebrenik,et al.  Beyond Technical Aspects: How Do Community Smells Influence the Intensity of Code Smells? , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[15]  Lin Tan,et al.  Do time of day and developer experience affect commit bugginess? , 2011, MSR '11.

[16]  Henry Muccini,et al.  On the Social Dimensions of Architectural Decisions , 2015, ECSA.

[17]  Katherine J. Stewart,et al.  The Impact of Ideology on Effectiveness in Open Source Software Development Teams , 2006, MIS Q..

[18]  P. Pintrich The role of goal orientation in self-regulated learning. , 2000 .

[19]  Gabriele Bavota,et al.  A Developer Centered Bug Prediction Model , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[20]  Premkumar T. Devanbu,et al.  Gender and Tenure Diversity in GitHub Teams , 2015, CHI.

[21]  Jesús M. González-Barahona,et al.  Women in Free/Libre/Open Source Software: The Situation in the 2010s , 2016, OSS.

[22]  Premkumar T. Devanbu,et al.  Developer onboarding in GitHub: the role of prior social links and language experience , 2015, ESEC/SIGSOFT FSE.

[23]  Nicolas Ducheneaut,et al.  Socialization in an Open Source Software Community: A Socio-Technical Analysis , 2005, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW).

[24]  Teresa Rebelo,et al.  Incremental validity of proactive personality over the Big Five for predicting job performance of software engineers in an innovative context , 2013 .

[25]  Emerson Murphy-Hill,et al.  Gender differences and bias in open source: pull request acceptance of women versus men , 2017, PeerJ Comput. Sci..

[26]  Yang Liu,et al.  What’s Spain’s Paris? Mining analogical libraries from Q&A discussions , 2018, Empirical Software Engineering.

[27]  Oded Nov,et al.  Exploring motivations for contributing to open source initiatives: The roles of contribution context and personal values , 2008, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[28]  Chiara Francalanci,et al.  An Empirical Study on the Relationship among Software Design Quality , Development Effort , and Governance in Open Source Projects , 2008 .

[29]  Alexander Hars,et al.  Working for free? Motivations of participating in open source projects , 2001, Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[30]  E. Pomerantz,et al.  Making the Grade but Feeling Distressed: Gender Differences in Academic Performance and Internal Distress , 2002 .

[31]  Jürgen Bitzer,et al.  Who contributes voluntarily to OSS? An investigation among German IT employees , 2010 .