Polymorphisms at +49A/G and CT60 sites in the 3′ UTR of the CTLA‐4 gene and APECED‐related AIRE gene mutations analysis in sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism

Autoimmune diseases such as Graves’ disease and type 1 diabetes have been linked with +49A/G and CT60 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3′ UTR of the cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) gene. Both these SNPs are functionally relevant and linked with T‐lymphocyte activation. Hypoparathyroidism is seen in 70% of patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy syndrome (APECED). Although calcium sensing receptor autoantibodies (CaSRAb) and generalized activation of T lymphocytes are reported among patients with sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (SIH), CTLA‐4 gene SNPs and APECED‐related autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene mutations have not been assessed in them. We studied lead CTLA‐4 gene SNPs and APECED‐related AIRE gene mutations in 73 patients with SIH and 114 healthy subjects. The CTLA‐4 gene SNPs +49A/G in exon 1, CT60A/G in 3′ UTR and −318C/T in the promoter region were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment‐length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) using BstEII, NcoI and MseI endonucleases, respectively. The APECED‐related AIRE gene mutations, which is R257X (Finn‐major) in exon 6, 4‐bp insertion and 13‐bp deletion in exon 8, and Iranian Jews population ‘Y85C’ mutation in exon 2, were studied by PCR‐RFLP (Taq‐I), PCR and nucleotide sequencing, respectively. CaSRAb were studied by immunoblotting. The frequencies of CTLA‐4 A/A49, A/G49 and G/G49 genotypes in the patients (47.9%, 38.4% and 13.7%) and controls (45.6%, 39.5% and 14.9%, respectively) and the frequencies of CT60 A/A, A/G, and G/G genotypes in the patient (42.4%, 37.0% and 20.6%) and the control (38.6%, 40.4% and 21.0%, respectively) groups were not significantly different. The frequencies of various haplotypes including genetic loci +49A/G and CT60 and frequencies of G alleles at these positions were comparable between patient and the control groups and its presence did not correlate with clinical and biochemical indices of the disease. None of the patients had APECED‐related AIRE gene mutations. Lack of significant difference in the pattern of CTLA‐4 A/G49 and/or CT60A/G genotypes and absence of common APECED syndrome‐related AIRE gene mutations among patients and controls suggest that these sites do not play a role in the development of the SIH.