Solving the student grouping problem in e‐learning systems using swarm intelligence metaheuristics

The student grouping problem (SGP) is NP‐hard; however, obtaining approximate solutions is essential to collaborative work in e‐learning. This paper explores swarm intelligence metaheuristics including particle swarm optimization (PSO), ant colony system (ACS), and artificial bee colony (ABC) to solve the student grouping problem and create heterogeneous groups. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:831–842, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21752

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