Discrimination of liquids by a focal construct X-ray diffraction geometry.

A novel technique for the discrimination of liquids based upon X-ray diffraction and focal construct technology (FCT) is presented. FCT is a new, high efficiency coherent scatter harvesting technique. In this work, the competence of FCT to discriminate liquids was explored. A variety of liquids relevant to security inspection was analysed by FCT for application to liquid security inspection. Discrimination of potential threat liquids was successfully and reliably achieved even for limited data sets.

[1]  P. Matousek,et al.  Non-invasive analysis of turbid samples using deep Raman spectroscopy. , 2011, The Analyst.

[2]  Igor Savukov,et al.  Ultra-low-field MRI for the detection of liquid explosives , 2010 .

[3]  David W.L. Hukins,et al.  X Ray Diffraction by Disordered and Ordered Systems , 1981 .

[4]  Trevor A. McQueen,et al.  Wide-angle X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamics study of medium-range order in ambient and hot water. , 2011, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[5]  Geoffrey Harding,et al.  Liquids identification with x-ray diffraction , 2007, SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications.

[6]  Dana A. Shea,et al.  Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues , 2005 .

[7]  L. Pettersson,et al.  Correlation of hydrogen bond lengths and angles in liquid water based on Compton scattering. , 2006, The Journal of chemical physics.

[8]  André Guinier,et al.  X-ray Crystallography. (Book Reviews: X-Ray Diffraction in Crystals, Imperfect Crystals, and Amorphous Bodies) , 1963 .

[9]  William F. Finney,et al.  Subsurface Probing in Diffusely Scattering Media Using Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy , 2005, Applied spectroscopy.

[10]  G. W. Stewart.  X-Ray Diffraction in Water: The Nature of Molecular Association , 1931 .

[11]  Ron Jenkins,et al.  Introduction to X-ray powder diffractometry , 1996 .

[12]  H. Fleckenstein,et al.  X-ray diffraction imaging with the Multiple Inverse Fan Beam topology: principles, performance and potential for security screening. , 2012, Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine.

[13]  Michael D. Hargreaves,et al.  Threat detection of liquid explosive precursor mixtures by Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) , 2009, Security + Defence.

[14]  L. Nagli,et al.  Liquid explosives detection in transparent containers , 2010, Defense + Commercial Sensing.

[15]  L. Alexander,et al.  X-Ray diffraction procedures for polycrystalline and amorphous materials , 1974 .

[16]  K Wells,et al.  A review of X-ray explosives detection techniques for checked baggage. , 2012, Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine.

[17]  H. Fleckenstein,et al.  Liquid detection trial with x-ray diffraction , 2010, Optical Engineering + Applications.

[18]  Anthony Dicken,et al.  High intensity x-ray diffraction in transmission mode employing an analog of Poisson’s spot , 2010 .

[19]  Xun Wang,et al.  Scatter enhanced 3D X-ray imaging for materials identification , 2010, 44th Annual 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology.

[20]  Anthony Dicken,et al.  Focal construct geometry - a novel approach to the acquisition of diffraction data , 2010 .