Multi objective particle swarm optimization of hybrid micro-grid system: A case study in Sweden

Distributed energy resources DERs are small scale energy system which could provide local supply when placed at customers' premises. They aggregate multiple local and diffuse production installations, consumer facilities, storage facilities and monitoring tools and demand management. The main challenges when assessing the performance of an off-grid hybrid micro-grid system HMGS are the reliability of the system, the cost of electricity production and the operation environmental impact. Hence the tradeoff between three conflicting objectives makes the design of an optimal HMGS seen as a multi-objective optimization task. In this paper, we consider the optimization and the assessment of a HMGS in different Swedish cities to point out the potential of each location for HMGS investment. The HMGS consists of photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, diesel generator and battery storage. The HMGS model was simulated under one-year weather conditions data. A multi objective particle swarm optimization is used to find the optimal system configuration and the optimal component size for each location. An energy management system is applied to manage the operation of the different component of the system when feeding the load. The techno economics analysis shows the potential of HMGS in the Swedish rural development.

[1]  Vigna Kumaran Ramachandaramurthy,et al.  Control strategies for a hybrid renewable energy system: A review , 2015 .

[2]  M. V. Kirthiga,et al.  A Methodology for Transforming an Existing Distribution Network Into a Sustainable Autonomous Micro-Grid , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[3]  Simon Fong,et al.  Survey of Meta-Heuristic Algorithms for Deep Learning Training , 2016 .

[4]  C. Nilsson,et al.  Future of biodiversity in the Barents Region , 2015 .

[5]  Lu Zhang,et al.  Optimal sizing study of hybrid wind/PV/diesel power generation unit , 2011 .

[6]  Russell C. Eberhart,et al.  A new optimizer using particle swarm theory , 1995, MHS'95. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science.

[7]  V. K. Sharma,et al.  Photovoltaic technology: Basic concepts, sizing of a stand alone photovoltaic system for domestic applications and preliminary economic analysis , 1995 .

[8]  Lingfeng Wang,et al.  PSO-Based Multi-Criteria Optimum Design of A Grid-Connected Hybrid Power System With Multiple Renewable Sources of Energy , 2007, 2007 IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium.

[9]  Jeremy Lagorse,et al.  Sizing optimization of a stand-alone street lighting system powered by a hybrid system using fuel cell, PV and battery , 2009 .

[10]  Chun Che Fung,et al.  Optimisation of a hybrid energy system using simulated annealing technique , 1993, Proceedings of TENCON '93. IEEE Region 10 International Conference on Computers, Communications and Automation.

[11]  Wei Zhou,et al.  Current status of research on optimum sizing of stand-alone hybrid solar–wind power generation systems , 2010 .

[12]  José L. Bernal-Agustín,et al.  Efficient design of hybrid renewable energy systems using evolutionary algorithms , 2009 .

[13]  Kostas Kalaitzakis,et al.  Methodology for optimal sizing of stand-alone photovoltaic/wind-generator systems using genetic algorithms , 2006 .

[14]  Abdel-Karim Daud,et al.  Design of isolated hybrid systems minimizing costs and pollutant emissions , 2012 .

[15]  Xiaohua Xia,et al.  Energy dispatch strategy for a photovoltaic-wind-diesel-battery hybrid power system , 2014 .

[16]  Hossein Lotfi,et al.  State of the Art in Research on Microgrids: A Review , 2015, IEEE Access.

[17]  Tarek Y. ElMekkawy,et al.  Multi-objective optimal design of hybrid renewable energy systems using PSO-simulation based approach , 2014 .

[18]  James Kennedy,et al.  Particle swarm optimization , 2002, Proceedings of ICNN'95 - International Conference on Neural Networks.

[19]  Chemmangot Nayar,et al.  An optimum dispatch strategy using set points for a photovoltaic (PV)–diesel–battery hybrid power system , 1999 .

[20]  Bernt Blindheim,et al.  A missing link? The case of Norway and Sweden: Does increased renewable energy production impact domestic greenhouse gas emissions? , 2015 .

[21]  Wei Zhou,et al.  OPTIMAL SIZING METHOD FOR STAND-ALONE HYBRID SOLAR–WIND SYSTEM WITH LPSP TECHNOLOGY BY USING GENETIC ALGORITHM , 2008 .

[22]  G. Luderer,et al.  Global fossil energy markets and climate change mitigation – an analysis with REMIND , 2012, Climatic Change.

[23]  Kankar Bhattacharya,et al.  Optimal planning and design of a renewable energy based supply system for microgrids , 2012 .

[24]  Y. Azoumah,et al.  Sustainable electricity generation for rural and peri-urban populations of sub-Saharan Africa: The “flexy-energy” concept , 2011 .

[25]  S. M. Moghaddas-Tafreshi,et al.  Optimal sizing of a stand-alone hybrid power system via particle swarm optimization for Kahnouj area in south-east of Iran , 2009 .

[26]  Luigi Dusonchet,et al.  Comparative economic analysis of support policies for solar PV in the most representative EU countries , 2015 .

[27]  George N. Prodromidis,et al.  Simulations of economical and technical feasibility of battery and flywheel hybrid energy storage systems in autonomous projects , 2012 .

[28]  Alireza Maheri,et al.  Multi-objective design optimisation of standalone hybrid wind-PV-diesel systems under uncertainties , 2014 .

[29]  M. A. Abido,et al.  Optimal Design of Microgrids in Autonomous and Grid-Connected Modes Using Particle Swarm Optimization , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[30]  Johan Vinterbäck,et al.  Consumer behavior in renewable electricity: Can branding in accordance with identity signaling increase demand for renewable electricity and strengthen supplier brands? , 2015 .

[31]  G. H. Riahy,et al.  Optimal design of a reliable hydrogen-based stand-alone wind/PV generating system, considering component outages , 2009 .

[32]  Dhaker Abbes,et al.  Eco-design optimisation of an autonomous hybrid wind–photovoltaic system with battery storage , 2012 .

[33]  Peter Lund,et al.  Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity , 2015 .

[34]  José L. Bernal-Agustín,et al.  Multi-objective optimization minimizing cost and life cycle emissions of stand-alone PV–wind–diesel systems with batteries storage , 2011 .

[35]  Ozan Erdinc,et al.  Optimum design of hybrid renewable energy systems: Overview of different approaches , 2012 .

[36]  Sunanda Sinha,et al.  Review of software tools for hybrid renewable energy systems , 2014 .

[37]  Elmar Kriegler,et al.  Role of technologies in energy-related CO2 mitigation in China within a climate-protection world: A scenarios analysis using REMIND , 2014 .

[38]  B. Ould Bilal,et al.  Optimal design of a hybrid solar–wind-battery system using the minimization of the annualized cost system and the minimization of the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) , 2010 .

[39]  Mahmoud Moghavvemi,et al.  Effective utilization of excess energy in standalone hybrid renewable energy systems for improving comfort ability and reducing cost of energy: A review and analysis , 2015 .

[40]  S. A. Papathanassiou,et al.  Operating Policy and Optimal Sizing of a High Penetration RES-BESS System for Small Isolated Grids , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[41]  C. Singh,et al.  Multicriteria Design of Hybrid Power Generation Systems Based on a Modified Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[42]  E. S. Karapidakis,et al.  Hybrid Simulated Annealing–Tabu Search Method for Optimal Sizing of Autonomous Power Systems With Renewables , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[43]  A. Lashkar Ara,et al.  A hybrid of ant colony optimization and artificial bee colony algorithm for probabilistic optimal placement and sizing of distributed energy resources , 2015 .

[44]  Tony Markel,et al.  Renewable Electricity Futures Study. Volume 3. End-Use Electricity Demand , 2012 .

[45]  Yasser Abdel-Rady I. Mohamed,et al.  Robust Multi-Objective Control of VSC-Based DC-Voltage Power Port in Hybrid AC/DC Multi-Terminal Micro-Grids , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[46]  Said Al-Hallaj,et al.  Simulation of hydrogen-based hybrid systems using Hybrid2 , 2004 .

[47]  Jun Zhang,et al.  Optimal grid design and logistic planning for wind and biomass based renewable electricity supply chains under uncertainties , 2014 .

[48]  Sandip Deshmukh,et al.  Modeling of hybrid renewable energy systems , 2008 .

[49]  Yuan-Kang Wu,et al.  Study of Reconfiguration for the Distribution System With Distributed Generators , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[50]  M. Kolhe,et al.  Techno-Economic Optimum Sizing of a Stand-Alone Solar Photovoltaic System , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.