Photometric characterization of Lucideon and Avian Technologies color standards including application for calibration of the Mastcam-Z instrument on the Mars 2020 rover

Abstract. Several commercially available color standards exist, generated by a variety of manufacturers including LabSphere, Lucideon, and Avian Technologies. Previous work has characterized the photometric properties of LabSphere Spectralon targets. Here, we measure the visible and shortwave infrared (VSWIR; 0.4 to 2.5  μm) reflectance at multiple angles and determine the photometric properties of materials manufactured by Lucideon and Avian Technologies for potential use as calibration target materials for the Mars 2020 Mastcam-Z instrument. The Lucideon black, gray 33, green, and cyan samples are found to be significantly forward scattering. The yellow, red, and gray 70 samples are found to be weakly forward scattering. The Avian Technologies AluWhite98 sample was found to be weakly backward scattering. We characterize the absorptions observable and note the occurrence of wavelength-dependent photometric properties. The reflectance and photometric data collected and released here enable the use of these color standards for calibration of data from Mastcam-Z and other Mars-2020 rover instruments as well as provide key information for many other imaging and spectroscopy applications that require the calibration of data from multiple lighting or viewing geometries.

[1]  D. Ragan,et al.  Calibration of the ruby R1 and R2 fluorescence shifts as a function of temperature from 0 to 600 K , 1992 .

[2]  Jeffrey R. Johnson,et al.  Dust deposition on the Mars Exploration Rover Panoramic Camera (Pancam) calibration targets , 2007 .

[3]  Mark T. Lemmon,et al.  The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover Mastcam instruments: Preflight and in‐flight calibration, validation, and data archiving , 2017 .

[4]  Abigail A. Fraeman,et al.  Visible to near-infrared MSL/Mastcam multispectral imaging: Initial results from select high-interest science targets within Gale Crater, Mars , 2017 .

[5]  C. Pilorget,et al.  Wavelength dependence of scattering properties in the VIS–NIR and links with grain-scale physical and compositional properties , 2016 .

[6]  William M. Drennan,et al.  Constraining the inertial dissipation method using the vertical velocity variance , 2003 .

[7]  E. Cloutis,et al.  Spectral reflectance properties of minerals exposed to simulated Mars surface conditions , 2008 .

[8]  John F. Mustard,et al.  Photometric phase functions of common geologic minerals and applications to quantitative analysis of mineral mixture reflectance spectra , 1989 .

[9]  C. Pieters,et al.  Low-temperature and low atmospheric pressure infrared reflectance spectroscopy of Mars soil analog materials , 1995 .

[10]  T. Painter,et al.  Reflectance quantities in optical remote sensing - definitions and case studies , 2006 .

[11]  Michal C Malin,et al.  The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Mast cameras and Descent imager: Investigation and instrument descriptions , 2017, Earth and space science.

[12]  Carol J. Bruegge,et al.  A Spectralon BRF data base for MISR calibration applications , 2001 .

[13]  Carol J. Bruegge,et al.  Use of Spectralon as a diffuse reflectance standard for in-flight calibration of earth-orbiting sensors , 1993 .

[14]  Bernard Pinty,et al.  Modeling Spectralon's bidirectional reflectance for in-flight calibration of Earth-orbiting sensors , 1993, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[15]  S. T. Elliot,et al.  Mars Exploration Rover Athena Panoramic Camera (Pancam) investigation , 2003 .

[16]  R. J. Reid,et al.  Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) image calibration , 1999 .

[17]  Jeffrey R. Johnson,et al.  Dust deposition on the decks of the Mars Exploration Rovers: 10 years of dust dynamics on the Panoramic Camera calibration targets , 2015, Earth and space science.

[18]  Raymond E. Arvidson,et al.  Radiative transfer modeling of dust-coated Pancam calibration target materials: Laboratory visible/near-infrared spectrogoniometry , 2006 .