Uncontrolled manifold hypothesis: Organization of leg joint variance in humans while walking in a wide range of speeds.

[1]  T P Andriacchi,et al.  Walking speed as a basis for normal and abnormal gait measurements. , 1977, Journal of biomechanics.

[2]  D. Winter Biomechanical motor patterns in normal walking. , 1983, Journal of motor behavior.

[3]  M. Yamasaki,et al.  Stereotyped pattern of lower limb movement during level and grade walking on treadmill. , 1984, The Annals of physiological anthropology = Seiri Jinruigaku Kenkyukai kaishi.

[4]  R. Brand,et al.  The biomechanics and motor control of human gait: Normal, elderly, and pathological , 1992 .

[5]  David A. Winter,et al.  Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement , 1990 .

[6]  G. Schöner Recent Developments and Problems in Human Movement Science and Their Conceptual Implications , 1995 .

[7]  S. Jeng,et al.  Optimization of walking in children. , 1997, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[8]  R. B. Davis Reflections on clinical gait analysis. , 1997, Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology.

[9]  C. T. Farley,et al.  Determinants of the center of mass trajectory in human walking and running. , 1998, The Journal of experimental biology.

[10]  M. Coleman,et al.  The simplest walking model: stability, complexity, and scaling. , 1998, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[11]  M L Latash,et al.  On the problem of adequate language in motor control. , 1998, Motor control.

[12]  Bernard Espiau,et al.  A Study of the Passive Gait of a Compass-Like Biped Robot , 1998, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[13]  Gregor Schöner,et al.  The uncontrolled manifold concept: identifying control variables for a functional task , 1999, Experimental Brain Research.

[14]  Gregor Schöner,et al.  Identifying the control structure of multijoint coordination during pistol shooting , 2000, Experimental Brain Research.

[15]  D. Sternad,et al.  Local dynamic stability versus kinematic variability of continuous overground and treadmill walking. , 2001, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[16]  M. Latash,et al.  Structure of motor variability in marginally redundant multifinger force production tasks , 2001, Experimental Brain Research.

[17]  J. Donelan,et al.  Mechanical work for step-to-step transitions is a major determinant of the metabolic cost of human walking. , 2002, The Journal of experimental biology.

[18]  C. McGibbon Toward a Better Understanding of Gait Changes With Age and Disablement: Neuromuscular Adaptation , 2003, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[19]  M. Latash,et al.  Motor variability within a multi-effector system: experimental and analytical studies of multi-finger production of quick force pulses , 2005, Experimental Brain Research.

[20]  M. Orendurff,et al.  The effect of walking speed on center of mass displacement. , 2004, Journal of rehabilitation research and development.

[21]  M. Yamasaki,et al.  Sex difference in the pattern of lower limb movement during treadmill walking , 2004, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology.

[22]  C. T. Farley,et al.  Minimizing center of mass vertical movement increases metabolic cost in walking. , 2005, Journal of applied physiology.

[23]  Russ Tedrake,et al.  Efficient Bipedal Robots Based on Passive-Dynamic Walkers , 2005, Science.

[24]  J. Dingwell,et al.  Kinematic variability and local dynamic stability of upper body motions when walking at different speeds. , 2006, Journal of biomechanics.

[25]  J. Hamill,et al.  Adaptations in interlimb and intralimb coordination to asymmetrical loading in human walking. , 2006, Gait & posture.

[26]  F. Lacquaniti,et al.  Motor patterns in human walking and running. , 2006, Journal of neurophysiology.

[27]  C. T. Farley,et al.  Individual limb work does not explain the greater metabolic cost of walking in elderly adults. , 2007, Journal of applied physiology.

[28]  Gregor Schöner,et al.  Toward a new theory of motor synergies. , 2007, Motor control.

[29]  K. Newell,et al.  Walking speed influences on gait cycle variability. , 2007, Gait & posture.

[30]  Beth A. Smith,et al.  Uncontrolled manifold analysis of segmental angle variability during walking: preadolescents with and without Down syndrome , 2007, Experimental Brain Research.

[31]  Jasper T. Yen,et al.  Neuromechanical stabilization of leg length and orientation through interjoint compensation during human hopping , 2008, Experimental Brain Research.

[32]  Marko B. Popovic,et al.  Angular momentum in human walking , 2008, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[33]  Karl M Newell,et al.  The Structure of Variability in Human Walking and Running is Speed-Dependent , 2008, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[34]  Silvestro Micera,et al.  During walking elders increase efforts at proximal joints and keep low kinetics at the ankle. , 2009, Clinical biomechanics.

[35]  M. Latash,et al.  The sources of two components of variance: an example of multifinger cyclic force production tasks at different frequencies , 2009, Experimental Brain Research.

[36]  P. Beek,et al.  Is slow walking more stable? , 2009, Journal of biomechanics.

[37]  Young-Hui Chang,et al.  Rate-dependent control strategies stabilize limb forces during human locomotion , 2010, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[38]  Christopher A. Zirker,et al.  Angular momentum synergies during walking , 2009, Experimental Brain Research.

[39]  U. Lindenberger,et al.  Motor-equivalent covariation stabilizes step parameters and center of mass position during treadmill walking , 2010, Experimental Brain Research.

[40]  Jonathan B. Dingwell,et al.  Do Humans Optimally Exploit Redundancy to Control Step Variability in Walking? , 2010, PLoS Comput. Biol..

[41]  J. Guckenheimer,et al.  Finding the dimension of slow dynamics in a rhythmic system , 2012, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[42]  Silvestro Micera,et al.  Cost function tuning improves muscle force estimation computed by static optimization during walking , 2011, 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[43]  Xingda Qu Uncontrolled manifold analysis of gait variability: effects of load carriage and fatigue. , 2012, Gait & posture.

[44]  M. Latash,et al.  Practicing Elements Versus Practicing Coordination: Changes in the Structure of Variance , 2012, Journal of Motor Behavior.

[45]  S. Micera,et al.  Age-related neuromuscular adaptation does not affect the mechanical efficiency of lower limbs during walking. , 2012, Gait & posture.

[46]  V. Monaco,et al.  Spatio-temporal parameters and intralimb coordination patterns describing hemiparetic locomotion at controlled speed , 2013, Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.

[47]  L. Chou,et al.  Effect of walking speed on inter-joint coordination differs between young and elderly adults. , 2012, Journal of biomechanics.

[48]  M. Latash,et al.  The effects of age on stabilization of the mediolateral trajectory of the swing foot. , 2013, Gait & posture.

[49]  Young-Hui Chang,et al.  Humans robustly adhere to dynamic walking principles by harnessing motor abundance to control forces , 2013, Experimental Brain Research.

[50]  M. Latash,et al.  An apparent contradiction: increasing variability to achieve greater precision? , 2013, Experimental Brain Research.

[51]  M. Latash,et al.  Improving finger coordination in young and elderly persons , 2013, Experimental Brain Research.

[52]  Y. Pai,et al.  Can sacral marker approximate center of mass during gait and slip-fall recovery among community-dwelling older adults? , 2014, Journal of biomechanics.

[53]  V. Pomeroy,et al.  Analysis of gait within the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis: stabilisation of the centre of mass during gait. , 2015, Journal of biomechanics.

[54]  Ettore Etenzi,et al.  Bipedal spring-damper-mass model reproduces external mechanical power of human walking , 2015, 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).

[55]  Jonathan B. Dingwell,et al.  Identifying Stride-To-Stride Control Strategies in Human Treadmill Walking , 2015, PloS one.

[56]  J. Higginson,et al.  Coordination of muscles to control the footpath during over-ground walking in neurologically intact individuals and stroke survivors , 2016, Experimental Brain Research.

[57]  Young-Hui Chang,et al.  The motor and the brake of the trailing leg in human walking: leg force control through ankle modulation and knee covariance , 2016, Experimental Brain Research.