ÉTUDE EXPÉRIMENTALE ET NUMÉRIQUE DE L'INTERACTION DES ONDES DE LAMB EN PRÉSENCE D'ENDOMMAGEMENTS DANS DES STRUCTURES D'ALUMINIUM

Le Controle Non Destructif dans le domaine d'aeronautique connait un fort developpement. En particulier, les systemes de Controle Sante Integre par ondes de Lamb permettent une inspection rapide et continue des structures de type plaque. Ce travail est consacre a la comprehension des phenomenes physiques de l'interaction des ondes de Lamb en presence d'endommagements dans des structures d'aluminium. Les endommagements etudies correspondent a des variations d'epaisseurs et a des encoches symetriques et asymetriques. Dans un premier temps, un seul mode est genere a l'emission c'est-a-dire, soit le mode A0, soit le mode S0, ceci afin de simplifier l'interpretation physique des phenomenes d'interactions. De plus, pour analyser les modes issus de l'interaction avec l'endommagement, une methode hybride (MEF – analytique) donnant les coefficients de reflexion et de transmission en puissance des modes de Lamb est developpee. La separation des modes dans la structure est effectuee a l'aide d'une technique simple basee sur l'addition et la soustraction des deplacements calcules sur les faces opposees de la plaque. Ce travail montre qu'il est souvent possible de comprendre et de quantifier l'interaction d'un mode de Lamb en presence d'un endommagement complexe uniquement a partir des calculs realises pour des endommagements elementaires. Dans un deuxieme temps, un systeme experimental de CSI est propose. La selection d'un mode de Lamb a l'emission est assuree par deux capteurs piezoelectriques places sur les deux faces opposees de la structure. Les resultats experimentaux sont confrontes avec succes aux resultats numeriques et permettent de concevoir un systeme optimal.

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