Response of mixed-age cultures of phosphine-resistant and susceptible strains of lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, to phosphine at a range of concentrations and exposure periods

Abstract Mixed-age cultures, containing all life stages, of a highly resistant strain (Strong-R) of lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), were exposed to a series of fixed concentrations of phosphine at a range of exposure periods at 25 °C. A susceptible strain and a less-resistant strain (Weak-R) were also tested. The aim was to characterise the resistant strain and determine if it could be controlled with phosphine. Times to population extinction (TPE) were recorded and lethal time (LT 99.9 ) values calculated. The relationship between exposure period t and phosphine concentration C for the resistant strains were: for Strong-R LT 99.9 C 0.5457 t =3.852 and TPE C 0.6105 t =4.0404 and for Weak-R LT 99.9 C 0.3553 t =3.6521 and TPE C 0.4507 t =3.4833. The results were used to define a range of minimum exposure period ×concentration protocols for control of the Strong-R populations. For example, at 1.0, 0.3, and 0.2 mg l −1 complete control can be expected in 5, 10 and 14 days, respectively. This information will be used to recommend phosphine rates for field trial and eventual registration.