Technical note: The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART version 6.2

Abstract. The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART was originally (about 8 years ago) designed for calculating the long-range and mesoscale dispersion of air pollutants from point sources, such as after an accident in a nuclear power plant. In the meantime FLEXPART has evolved into a comprehensive tool for atmospheric transport modeling and analysis. Its application fields were extended from air pollution studies to other topics where atmospheric transport plays a role (e.g., exchange between the stratosphere and troposphere, or the global water cycle). It has evolved into a true community model that is now being used by at least 25 groups from 14 different countries and is seeing both operational and research applications. A user manual has been kept actual over the years and was distributed over an internet page along with the model's source code. In this note we provide a citeable technical description of FLEXPART's latest version (6.2).

[1]  Sverre Petterssen,et al.  Weather analysis and forecasting , 1940 .

[2]  E. F. Bradley,et al.  Flux-Profile Relationships in the Atmospheric Surface Layer , 1971 .

[3]  J. W. Telford.  Turbulence, entrainment, and mixing in cloud dynamics , 1975 .

[4]  B. Hicks,et al.  Some factors that affect the deposition rates of sulfur dioxide and similar gases on vegetation , 1977 .

[5]  Thomas A. McMahon,et al.  Empirical atmospheric deposition parameters—A survey , 1979 .

[6]  J. Klett,et al.  Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation , 1978, Nature.

[7]  W. Slinn,et al.  Predictions for particle deposition to vegetative canopies , 1982 .

[8]  M. Raupach,et al.  Markov-chain simulation of particle dispersion in inhomogeneous flows: The mean drift velocity induced by a gradient in Eulerian velocity variance , 1982 .

[9]  R. Berkowicz,et al.  Evaluation of the profile method for estimation of surface fluxes of momentum and heat , 1982 .

[10]  D. Thomson,et al.  Calculation of particle trajectories in the presence of a gradient in turbulent-velocity variance , 1983 .

[11]  Steven R. Hanna,et al.  Applications in Air Pollution Modeling , 1984 .

[12]  P. R. Rao,et al.  Atmospheric Turbulence and Air Pollution Modelling , 1984 .

[13]  D. Thomson.  Criteria for the selection of stochastic models of particle trajectories in turbulent flows , 1987, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[14]  Roger A. Pielke,et al.  Influence of diurnal and inertial boundary-layer oscillations on long-range dispersion , 1988 .

[15]  R. Stull.  An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology , 1988 .

[16]  M. Wesely.  Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical models , 1989 .

[17]  K. Emanuel.  A Scheme for Representing Cumulus Convection in Large-Scale Models , 1991 .

[18]  Albert A. M. Holtslag,et al.  Flux Parameterization over Land Surfaces for Atmospheric Models , 1991 .

[19]  Trevor D. Davies,et al.  Cluster analysis: A technique for estimating the synoptic meteorological controls on air and precipitation chemistry—Method and applications , 1992 .

[20]  T. Flesch,et al.  Flow Boundaries in Random-Flight Dispersion Models: Enforcing the Well-Mixed Condition , 1993 .

[21]  H. Scholten,et al.  The preparation of a European land use database , 1994 .

[22]  J. Erisman,et al.  Parametrization of surface resistance for the quantification of atmospheric deposition of acidifying pollutants and ozone , 1994 .

[23]  A. Stohl,et al.  Interpolation Errors in Wind Fields as a Function of Spatial and Temporal Resolution and Their Impact on Different Types of Kinematic Trajectories , 1995 .

[24]  W. Asman.  Parameterization of below-cloud scavenging of highly soluble gases under convective conditions , 1995 .

[25]  Eugene Yee,et al.  Backward-Time Lagrangian Stochastic Dispersion Models and Their Application to Estimate Gaseous Emissions , 1995 .

[26]  Ole Hertel,et al.  Development and testing of a new variable scale air pollution model—ACDEP , 1995 .

[27]  A. Holtslag,et al.  Evaluation and model impacts of alternative boundary-layer height formulations , 1996 .

[28]  John D. Wilson,et al.  Review of Lagrangian stochastic models for trajectories in the turbulent atmosphere , 1996 .

[29]  A. Stohl,et al.  Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer over Europe : A data comparison between the observation based OML preprocessor and ECMWF model data , 1996 .

[30]  J. Kahl.  On the prediction of trajectory model error , 1996 .

[31]  H. C. Rodean.  Stochastic Lagrangian Models of Turbulent Diffusion , 1996 .

[32]  Nocturnal Wind Structure and Plume Growth Rates Due to Inertial Oscillations , 1997 .

[33]  A. Stohl,et al.  Validation of a Long-Range Trajectory Model Using Gas Balloon Tracks from the Gordon Bennett Cup 95 , 1997 .

[34]  Observations of Spatial Variations of Boundary Layer Structure over the Southern Great Plains Cloud and Radiation Testbed , 1997 .

[35]  A. Stohl,et al.  Validation of the lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART against large-scale tracer experiment data , 1998 .

[36]  A. Stohl.  Computation, accuracy and applications of trajectories—A review and bibliography , 1998 .

[37]  Determining cross-wind variance for low frequency wind Meander , 1998 .

[38]  R. H. Maryon,et al.  Validation of the UK Met. Office’s name model against the ETEX dataset , 1998 .

[39]  Kerry Emanuel,et al.  Development and Evaluation of a Convection Scheme for Use in Climate Models , 1999 .

[40]  D. Thomson,et al.  A Density Correction for Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Models , 1999 .

[41]  A. Stohl,et al.  A textbook example of long‐range transport: Simultaneous observation of ozone maxima of stratospheric and North American origin in the free troposphere over Europe , 1999 .

[42]  Hendrik Feldmann,et al.  The influence of stratospheric intrusions on alpine ozone concentrations , 2000 .

[43]  Ulla Wandinger,et al.  Transport of boreal forest fire emissions from Canada , 2001 .

[44]  Ulrich Platt,et al.  Satellite detection of a continental‐scale plume of nitrogen oxides from boreal forest fires , 2001 .

[45]  A. Stohl,et al.  A replacement for simple back trajectory calculations in the interpretation of atmospheric trace substance measurements , 2002 .

[46]  Franck Lefèvre,et al.  Vertical diffusivity in the lower stratosphere from Lagrangian back‐trajectory reconstructions of ozone profiles , 2003 .

[47]  Frank Arnold,et al.  A Backward Modeling Study of Intercontinental Pollution Transport using Aircraft Measurements , 2003 .

[48]  C. Forster,et al.  Forecasting for a Lagrangian aircraft campaign , 2004 .

[49]  Petra Seibert,et al.  Iverse Modelling with a Lagrangian Particle Disperion Model: Application to Point Releases Over Limited Time Intervals , 2004 .

[50]  Petra Seibert,et al.  Source-receptor matrix calculation with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model in backward mode , 2004 .