‘SPREADING OF THE RISK’ IN DEVELOPMENTAL MORTALITY: SIZE, FECUNDITY AND REPRODUCTIVE RATE IN THE BLACK BEAN APHID

In contrast to small (200μg) apterous exules of A. fabae, large individuals (1,000μg) contain twice as many embryos, more of which are well developed. Large individuals start reproducing earlier and achieve their maximum reproductive rate earlier in adult life, have a higher reproductive rate overall, and produce larger offspring. The fecundity achieved at 20° is slightly less than the number of embryos present at the adult moult, after which no more embryos are generated. Small aphids have a longer reproductive period but the same length of adult life as large aphids.

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