Central Nervous

even in the earliest stages of infection. Virological evaluation of CSF may be important in understanding the pathogenetic aspects of HIV infection and in the clinical management of infected patients. The present observations have potentially important implications for the design of therapeutic strategies for patients with acute primary HIV infection. Our data indicate that the CNS is an early tissue reservoir for HIV that cannot be evaluated by plasma-based laboratory tests. Early CNS involvement must be taken into account when therapeutic strategies are planned. Serial observations of patients with primary HIV infection in relation to progression of neurological involvement may provide an answer to the significance of CSF abnormalities identified in these patients.

[1]  J. McLarty,et al.  Diagnostic criteria for pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium intracellulare. , 2015, The American review of respiratory disease.

[2]  D. Glidden,et al.  Time course of cerebrospinal fluid responses to antiretroviral therapy: evidence for variable compartmentalization of infection. , 1999, AIDS.

[3]  B. Walker,et al.  Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[4]  I. Keet,et al.  Cerebrospinal-fluid HIV-1 RNA and drug concentrations after treatment with lamivudine plus zidovudine or stavudine , 1998, The Lancet.

[5]  J. R. Fiore,et al.  Neurological disorders during HIV‐1 infection correlate with viral load in cerebrospinal fluid but not with virus phenotype , 1998, AIDS.

[6]  V. Calvez,et al.  The level of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 RNA in cerebrospinal fluid as a marker of HIV encephalitis. , 1998, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[7]  T. Quinn,et al.  Acute primary HIV infection. , 1997, JAMA.

[8]  B. Brew,et al.  Levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in cerebrospinal fluid correlate with AIDS dementia stage. , 1997, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[9]  David P. Naidich,et al.  High-Resolution CT of the Lung , 1997 .

[10]  S. Spector,et al.  Virologic markers of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cerebrospinal fluid of infected children. , 1996, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[11]  D. Bucquet,et al.  Influence of neurologic manifestations of primary human immunodeficiency virus infection on disease progression. SEROCO Study Group. , 1995, Journal of Infectious Diseases.

[12]  J. Lifson,et al.  Non-cytolytic CD8 T-cell anti-HIV responses in primary HIV-1 infection , 1994, The Lancet.

[13]  F. Gray,et al.  Early central nervous system changes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infection , 1993, Neuropathology and applied neurobiology.

[14]  M. Uhlén,et al.  Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is present in the cerebrospinal fluid of a majority of infected individuals , 1992, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[15]  S. Pang.  Mycobacterium kansasii infections in Western Australia (1962-1987). , 1991, Respiratory medicine.

[16]  R. Wallace,,et al.  Diagnosis and treatment of disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria. , 1990, The American review of respiratory disease.

[17]  R. Harris,et al.  Pulmonary and disseminated infection due to Mycobacterium kansasii: a decade of experience. , 1990, Reviews of infectious diseases.

[18]  D. Ho,et al.  Acute fulminating fatal leukoencephalopathy as the only manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection , 1988, Annals of neurology.

[19]  P. Rudge,et al.  Acute myelopathy associated with primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus. , 1987, British medical journal.

[20]  M. Hirsch,et al.  Primary human T-lymphotropic virus type III infection. , 1985, Annals of internal medicine.

[21]  F. Preston,et al.  ACUTE ENCEPHALOPATHY COINCIDENT WITH SEROCONVERSION FOR ANTI-HTLV-III , 1985, The Lancet.

[22]  G. Kerby,et al.  A ten-year clinical experience with Mycobacterium kansasii. , 1974, Chest.

[23]  D. Cooper,et al.  Primary HIV infection: host responses and intervention strategies. , 1991, AIDS.