Frequency upconversion in Er3+-doped fluoroindate glasses pumped at 1.48 μm

Fluorideglasses are particularly attractive hosts because they can befibered, maintaining a high intensity of pumping light over along interaction length, and large RE concentrations can beincorporated easily into the host matrix. Furthermore, one ofthe advantages of fluoride hosts is the low energy of its moreenergetic phonons, which reduces the probability of mul-tiphonon relaxation processes between the RE electroniclevels.Among the many fluoride compositions discovered, it wasfound recently that fluoroindate glasses may become one im-portant material for photonics applications. The vitreous re-gion in the system InF