The Theory of Invariance

In this article, by using fundamental concepts in classical mechanics, we derive equations describing gravitational red shift and Doppler effect for light as well as equations describing the relations among mass, momentum, and energy including mass-energy equivalence. Although our equations are different than those in Newtonian mechanics or special relativity, they yield results that are approximate results calculated with Newton mechanics or special relativity for values of velocity, which are much less than speed of light. Since the concepts in classical mechanics are not separated from the perspective of absolute space and time, this theory is named the theory of invariance.