The Relationship of Parental Attachment and Psychological Separation to the Psychological Functioning of Young Adults

Abstract The authors explored the interrelations between attachment patterns and psychological separation from parents as well as the contribution of these variables to adaptive psychological functioning. Among 153 university students in Greece, there was a positive association between security of attachment and freedom from guilt, anxiety, and resentment toward one's parents (conflictual independence); in contrast, there was an inverse relation between security of attachment and independence from parents in relation to emotional, functional, and attitudinal independence. Compared with the insecurely attached students, the securely attached students also scored higher on measures of self-esteem and lower on measures of anxiety and loneliness.

[1]  S. Coopersmith,et al.  The antecedents of self-esteem. , 1969 .

[2]  K. Bartholomew,et al.  Attachment styles among young adults: a test of a four-category model. , 1991, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[3]  R. C. Fraley,et al.  Attachment and Loss , 2018 .

[4]  C. M. Parkes,et al.  The Place of attachment in human behavior , 1982 .

[5]  M. Rosenberg Conceiving the self , 1979 .

[6]  Michael V. Bloom Adolescent-Parental Separation , 1980 .

[7]  Attachment as an Organizational Construct , 1977 .

[8]  K. Rice,et al.  Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Examination of Attachment, Separation-Individuation, and College Student Adjustment , 1995 .

[9]  I. Bretherton,et al.  Attachment theory: Retrospect and prospect. , 1985 .

[10]  K. Rice Attachment in adolescence: A narrative and meta-analytic review , 1990, Journal of youth and adolescence.

[11]  M. Greenberg,et al.  The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence , 1987, Journal of youth and adolescence.

[12]  F. Lopez The impact of parental divorce on college students , 1991 .

[13]  D. Cole,et al.  Separation-individuation, family cohesion, and adjustment to college: Measurement validation and test of a theoretical model. , 1990 .

[14]  M. Greenberg,et al.  Parent and peer attachment in early adolescent depression , 1990, Journal of abnormal child psychology.

[15]  J. Siegel,et al.  The nature and importance of attachment relationships to parents and peers during adolescence , 1983, Journal of youth and adolescence.

[16]  P. Blos The second individuation process of adolescence. , 1967, The Psychoanalytic study of the child.

[17]  J. Bowlby,et al.  The Making and Breaking of Affectional Bonds , 1977, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[18]  I. Fras Identity: Youth and Crisis , 1968 .

[19]  A. Beck,et al.  An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. , 1988, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[20]  F. Spicer Adolescence , 1909, The Hospital.

[21]  B. Weiss,et al.  Family dynamics and presenting problems in college students. , 1987 .

[22]  Kenneth G. Rice,et al.  Psychological separation and adjustment to college. , 1989 .

[23]  Catherine B. Avery,et al.  Young adults' perceptions of their relationships with their parents: Individual differences in connectedness, competence, and emotional autonomy. , 1988 .

[24]  I. N. Orgun THE ADOLESCENT PASSAGE , 1981 .

[25]  M. Kenny,et al.  Contributions of parental attachment and family structure to the social and psychological functioning of first-year college students , 1991 .

[26]  C. J. Huberty,et al.  Multivariate analysis versus multiple univariate analyses. , 1989 .

[27]  R. Josselson The Embedded Self: I and Thou Revisited , 1988 .

[28]  Frederick G. Lopez,et al.  Family Structure, Psychological Separation, and College Adjustment: A Canonical Analysis and Cross-Validation. , 1988 .

[29]  M. Kenny The extent and function of parental attachment among first-year college students , 1987, Journal of youth and adolescence.

[30]  M. Kenny College seniors' perceptions of parental attachments: The value and stability of family ties. , 1990 .

[31]  D. Baumrind Effective parenting during the early adolescent transition. , 1991 .

[32]  J. Hoffman Psychological separation of late adolescents from their parents. , 1984 .

[33]  P. Richards Religious devoutness in college students: Relations with emotional adjustment and psychological separation from parents. , 1991 .

[34]  M. Kenny Quality and correlates of parental attachment among late adolescents. , 1994 .

[35]  Relational Needs in Late Adolescent Separation‐lndividuation , 1993 .

[36]  Stephen Hughes Attachment and Loss. Vol. I , 1969, Mental Health.

[37]  S. Blatt,et al.  Attachment and separateness. A dialectic model of the products and processes of development throughout the life cycle. , 1990, The Psychoanalytic study of the child.

[38]  E. Waters,et al.  Growing points of attachment theory and research , 1985 .

[39]  J. Bowlby The making & breaking of affectional bonds , 1979 .

[40]  G. W. Rever Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. Attachment , 1972 .

[41]  G. Holmbeck,et al.  Individual and Relational Predictors of Adjustment in First-Year College Students. , 1993 .

[42]  D. Blustein,et al.  Contributions of Psychological Separation and Parental Attachment to the Career Development Process. , 1991 .

[43]  C. Cooper,et al.  Patterns of interaction in family relationships and the development of identity exploration in adolescence. , 1985, Child development.

[44]  B. Barber Parental psychological control: revisiting a neglected construct. , 1996, Child development.