Development of infant crying behavior: a longitudinal case study.

This study documents the development of infant crying behavior during the second half of the first year (across a key developmental transition). Two female infants were observed twice a month for 6 months when the infants were between 7 and 14 months of age. The infants exhibited crying behavior that seemed to become more sophisticated with increasing age. This marked a proactive stance in communicating with the mother on the part of the infant. Interestingly, at 11-12 months, "fake crying" was observed during a naturalistic interaction with the mother. This implied that deceptive infant behavior could be seen at quite an early stage.

[1]  J. Bruner,et al.  Play: Its Role in Development and Evolution , 1976 .

[2]  G. Gustafson,et al.  Developmental coordination of cry sounds with visual regard and gestures , 1991 .

[3]  A. Murray.  Aversiveness is in the mind of the beholder: Perception of infant crying by adults , 1985 .

[4]  V. Apgar.  A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant. , 1953, Current researches in anesthesia & analgesia.

[5]  A. Frodi.  When Empathy Fails , 1985 .

[6]  P. Rochat.  The infant's world , 2001 .

[7]  G. Kochanska,et al.  Implications of the mother-child relationship in infancy for socialization in the second year of life , 1999 .

[8]  R. Feldman,et al.  Skin-to-skin contact (Kangaroo Care) accelerates autonomic and neurobehavioural maturation in preterm infants. , 2003, Developmental medicine and child neurology.

[9]  A. Sandler,et al.  Comparison of skin-to-skin (Kangaroo) and traditional care: Parenting outcomes and preterm infant development. , 2003 .

[10]  Erich Seifritz,et al.  Differential sex-independent amygdala response to infant crying and laughing in parents versus nonparents , 2003, Biological Psychiatry.

[11]  P. S. Zeskind,et al.  Biobehavioral Assessment of the Infant , 2001 .

[12]  Joseph Soltis,et al.  The signal functions of early infant crying , 2004, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[13]  R. Feldman,et al.  Comparison of skin-to-skin (kangaroo) and traditional care: parenting outcomes and preterm infant development. , 2002, Pediatrics.

[14]  A. Gopnik,et al.  Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development and simulation of everyday mindreading , 2015 .

[15]  J. Carpendale,et al.  How Children Develop Social Understanding , 2006 .

[16]  E. Waters,et al.  The ontogenesis of smiling and laughter: a perspective on the organization of development in infancy. , 1976, Psychological review.

[17]  G. W. Rever.  Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. Attachment , 1972 .

[18]  C. Moore,et al.  Joint attention : its origins and role in development , 1995 .

[19]  Marinus H. van IJzendoorn,et al.  Maternal unresponsiveness and infant crying across the first 9 months: A naturalistic longitudinal study☆ , 1991 .

[20]  M. Tomasello,et al.  Infants' visual and auditory communication when a partner is or is not visually attending. , 2008, Infant behavior & development.

[21]  D. Zeifman.  An ethological analysis of human infant crying: answering Tinbergen's four questions. , 2001, Developmental psychobiology.

[22]  M. Tomasello.  Joint attention as social cognition. , 1995 .

[23]  K. Craig,et al.  Crying as an indicator of pain in infants. , 2000 .

[24]  M. Ainsworth,et al.  Infant crying and maternal responsiveness. , 1972, Child development.

[25]  L. Adamson.  Communication Development During Infancy , 1995 .

[26]  Barry M. Lester,et al.  Infant Crying: Theoretical And Research Perspectives , 2011 .

[27]  Vasudevi Reddy,et al.  Playing with others' expectations: Teasing and mucking about in the first year. , 1991 .

[28]  J. M. Dobbs.  Determinants of infant behavior , 1964 .

[29]  K. Michelsson,et al.  CRY ANALYSES OF SYMPTOMLESS LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES AND OF ASPHYXIATED NEWBORN INFANTS , 1971, Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. Supplement.

[30]  John Bowlby,et al.  Attachment and Loss. Vol. I. Attachment. , 1970 .

[31]  J. Bowlby.  Attachment and loss: retrospect and prospect. , 1969, The American journal of orthopsychiatry.

[32]  V. Reddy.  Getting back to the rough ground: deception and ‘social living’ , 2007, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[33]  K. Michelsson,et al.  PAIN CRY IN FULL‐TERM ASPHYXIATED NEWBORN INFANTS CORRELATED WITH LATE FINDINGS , 1977, Acta paediatrica Scandinavica.

[34]  M Robb,et al.  Vocal fundamental frequency characteristics of infant hunger cries: birth to 12 months. , 1996, International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology.

[35]  Ruth Feldman,et al.  Testing a family intervention hypothesis: the contribution of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact (kangaroo care) to family interaction, proximity, and touch. , 2003, Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association.

[36]  H. Keller,et al.  Relationships between eye contact, maternal sensitivity, and infant crying , 2001 .

[37]  Brian Hopkins,et al.  Crying as a sign, a symptom, and a signal:clinical, emotional and developmental aspects of infant and toddler crying , 2000 .

[38]  L. Leavitt,et al.  Physiology and Behavior , 1985 .

[39]  K. Kawakami.  THE TWO-MONTH & THE NINE-MONTH REVOLUTION VS. THE SCALLOP HYPOTHESIS IN INFANT DEVELOPMENT , 2005 .

[40]  Peter F. Ostwald,et al.  The Communicative and Diagnostic Significance of Infant Sounds , 1985 .