Analysis of Handoff Call Rate in Microcell of GSM Networks by Steele and Nofal Traffic Model

The system performance analysis in the wireless networks nowadays is becoming a crucial factor that assists in depth evaluation of the system and help in developing the system performance. In the wireless communication systems, the handoff process is still remaining the dominant parameter in the performance analysis and is greatly related to both holding time and cell residence time [1]. Handoff process is significantly starting to affect system performance since the second generation due to the growing of the low data rates specifically the SMS [3]. As the wireless networks rapidly deploying because of the reassigned data bandwidth, the users are dramatically growing and the network had to provide continuous services to the users to ensure the QoS and technically increase the trustness between the service provider and the users [4]. The handoff process is also analyzed by using multidifferent mathematical and/or simulation models to improve the wireless communication systems. The other disadvantages aspects of the handoff process are the handoff failure that related to both call dropping probability and call block probability [2, 6]. The call dropping probability is defined as probability that a call will either termination or blocking. The call dropping probability in conversational land-line networks extremely very low and is significantly less than 0.0, but in mobile communication networks using radio channel is higher and is about 0.1 to 0.5 due to: lack of radio coverage either in downtown link or up link and imperfection in function of the network as handoff failure [8]. Whereas the call blocking probability is defined as probability that a new call request be denied because of resources lacking. Both of call dropping probability and call blocking probability are contributed to the performance degradation and deterioration. Accordingly, there are different models used in analysis and improving the system performance. So, there are some of them such as [5]: