Disturbance of minimal self (ipseity) in schizophrenia: clarification and current status.

The assessment of psychopathology in most contemporary research is based squarely on signs and symptoms of disorder, often measured in fairly crude checklist-type fashion. This approach has tended to indicate significant overlap in psychotic and other symptoms across disorders, eg, between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder1 and between psychotic disorders and borderline personality disorder.2 This may partly be the result of the assessment tools and conceptual frameworks being used. By contrast, insights from phenomenological psychiatry and philosophy, focused on disturbed subjectivity,3 indicate that disturbed self-experience or selfhood may underlie and generate many “surface-level” psychotic symptoms, particularly in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

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