D2R2: Disk-Oriented Deductive Reasoning in a RISC-Style RDF Engine

Deductive reasoning lies in the expressive intersection of Datalog and Description Logics. In this paper, we present the D2R2 engine, which implements deductive reasoning capabilities based on the Query-Sub-Query (QSQR) algorithm on top of the disk-oriented RDF- 3X engine. D2R2 aims to bridge the gap between rule-oriented (intensional) reasoning with deduction rules and data-oriented (extensional) processing of large joins, over a set of highly tuned, disk-based index structures for large RDF collections. We present a generalization of QSQR, which allows for dynamic sub-query scheduling and chaining of extensional predicates into atomic join patterns--two key extensions for coupling QSQR with a disk-oriented storage backend. Experiments over a set of recursive queries and a very large knowledge base, consisting of 20 million RDF facts, as well as comparisons to disk-oriented reasoning engines, confirm the practical viability and significant runtime improvements of D2R2 compared to these engines.

[1]  Joseph M. Hellerstein.  Datalog redux: experience and conjecture , 2010, PODS '10.

[2]  Ehud Shapiro,et al.  Third International Conference on Logic Programming , 1986 .

[3]  Matthias Jarke,et al.  Logic Programming and Databases , 1984, Expert Database Workshop.

[4]  Manolis Koubarakis,et al.  SPARQL Query Optimization on Top of DHTs , 2010, SEMWEB.

[5]  H. Lan,et al.  SWRL : A semantic Web rule language combining OWL and ruleML , 2004 .

[6]  David Maier,et al.  Magic sets and other strange ways to implement logic programs (extended abstract) , 1985, PODS '86.

[7]  Jeffrey D. Ullman,et al.  Principles Of Database And Knowledge-Base Systems , 1979 .

[8]  Gerhard Weikum,et al.  WWW 2007 / Track: Semantic Web Session: Ontologies ABSTRACT YAGO: A Core of Semantic Knowledge , 2022 .

[9]  Benjamin Livshits,et al.  Context-sensitive program analysis as database queries , 2005, PODS.

[10]  Ian Horrocks,et al.  Description logic programs: combining logic programs with description logic , 2003, WWW '03.

[11]  Laurent Vieille,et al.  A Database-Complete Proof Procedure Based on SLD-Resolution , 1987, ICLP.

[12]  Catriel Beeri,et al.  On the power of magic , 1987, J. Log. Program..

[13]  Robert A. Kowalski,et al.  Linear Resolution with Selection Function , 1971, Artif. Intell..

[14]  Gerhard Weikum,et al.  RDF-3X: a RISC-style engine for RDF , 2008, Proc. VLDB Endow..

[15]  Konstantinos Sagonas,et al.  XSB as an efficient deductive database engine , 1994, SIGMOD '94.

[16]  Jeff Heflin,et al.  LUBM: A benchmark for OWL knowledge base systems , 2005, J. Web Semant..

[17]  Jack Minker,et al.  Logic and Databases: A Deductive Approach , 1984, CSUR.

[18]  Linh Anh Nguyen,et al.  Generalizing the QSQR Evaluation Method for Horn Knowledge Bases , 2008, New Challenges in Applied Intelligence Technologies.

[19]  Jeffrey D. Ullman,et al.  Principles of Database and Knowledge-Base Systems, Volume II , 1988, Principles of computer science series.

[20]  Hisao Tamaki,et al.  OLD Resolution with Tabulation , 1986, ICLP.

[21]  Ian Horrocks,et al.  The Semantic Web – ISWC 2010: 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010, Shanghai, China, November 7-11, 2010, Revised Selected Papers, Part I , 2010, SEMWEB.

[22]  Michael Kifer,et al.  OpenRuleBench: an analysis of the performance of rule engines , 2009, WWW '09.

[23]  Gerhard Weikum,et al.  Scalable join processing on very large RDF graphs , 2009, SIGMOD Conference.

[24]  Serge Abiteboul,et al.  Foundations of Databases , 1994 .

[25]  Ian Horrocks,et al.  Combining logic programs with description logics , 2003, The Web Conference.

[26]  David Scott Warren,et al.  Memoing for logic programs , 1992, CACM.

[27]  Laurent Vieille,et al.  Recursive Axioms in Deductive Databases: The Query/Subquery Approach , 1986, Expert Database Conf..

[28]  Wolfgang Nejdl,et al.  Recursive Strategies for Answering Recursive Queries - The RQA/FQI Strategy , 1987, VLDB.

[29]  Dave Reynolds,et al.  SPARQL basic graph pattern optimization using selectivity estimation , 2008, WWW.