Fractional differentiation based image processing

There are many resources useful for processing images, most of them freely available and quite friendly to use. In spite of this abundance of tools, a study of the processing methods is still worthy of efforts. Here, we want to discuss the new possibilities arising from the use of fractional differential calculus. This calculus evolved in the research field of pure mathematics until 1920, when applied science started to use it. Only recently, fractional calculus was involved in image processing methods. As we shall see, the fractional calculation is able to enhance the quality of images, with interesting possibilities in edge detection and image restoration. We suggest also the fractional differentiation as a tool to reveal faint objects in astronomical images.