DETERMINATION OF PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN WALNUT (Juglans regia L.) VARIETIES

In this research, we examined some of the physical (fruit dimensions, geometric mean diameter sphericity and surface area) and mechanical (puncture force, deformation, energy absorption and hardness) properties on the four different domestic (Şebin, Kaman, Bilecik and Yalova-3) and two different foreign (Chandler and Fernor) walnut (Juglans regia) varieties. For this purpose, we applied puncture force on the walnuts at the direction of width orientation (x–x), length orientation (y–y) and suture orientation (z-z). According to obtained results, there are significant differences among the walnut varieties for crustacean walnut weight and walnut weight. The maximum and minimum values of crustacean walnut weight were observed as 18.27 g and 10.98 g for Kaman and Chandler, respectively. In addition to these results, Bilecik has a maximum walnut weight – 8.71 g, while the minimum walnut weight was observed for Yalova-3 – 4.57 g. Furthermore, geometric mean diameter and sphericity values ranged to 31.93–38.57 mm and 82.78–92.54%, respectively. There are statistically significant differences on the puncture force, deformation, energy absorption and hardness according to the load axes. The maximum and minimum puncture force values were determined at the Fernor (572 N) with y–y axes and Chandler (211.9 N) with z–z axes, respectively. Also, the highest hardness and the lowest deformation values were obtained for Kaman (y–y axes) and the highest deformation and the lowest hardness were determined at Bilecik (x–x axes). The energy absorption values changed as follows: 0.455–1.086 J, 0.404–0.985 J and 0.426–1.051 J for x–x, y–y and z–z axes, respectively.

[1]  M. Giordano,et al.  Hazelnut kernels (Corylus avellana L.) mechanical and acoustic properties determination: Comparison of test speed, compression or shear axis, roasting, and storage condition effect , 2016 .

[2]  M. M. Odewole,et al.  Determination of Some Mechanical Properties of Almond Seed Related to Design of Food Processing Machines , 2015 .

[3]  Cristiana Delprete,et al.  Mechanical characterization of kernel and shell of hazelnuts: Proposal of an experimental procedure , 2014 .

[4]  Amir Hossein Mirzabe,et al.  Some physical properties of almond nut and kernel and modeling dimensional properties , 2013 .

[5]  S. Ercişli,et al.  Comparison of some physico-mechanical nut and kernel properties of two walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars. , 2011 .

[6]  K. Mollazade,et al.  Evaluation of Engineering Properties in Almond Nuts , 2010 .

[7]  S. Mohtasebi,et al.  Mechanical behavior of pistachio nut and its kernel under compression loading , 2009 .

[8]  S. Arslan,et al.  Physico-Mechanical Properties of Almond Nut and Its Kernel as a Function of Variety and Moisture Content , 2009 .

[9]  E. Altuntaş,et al.  Physical and Mechanical Properties of Some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Cultivars , 2008 .

[10]  P. Sirisomboon,et al.  Physical properties of green soybean: Criteria for sorting , 2007 .

[11]  D. Palmquist,et al.  Comparing physical measures and mechanical cracking products of ‘Nonpareil’ almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A. Webb.) with two advanced breeding selections , 2006 .

[12]  Caroline Stevigny,et al.  Mechanical behaviour of hazelnuts used for table consumption under compression loading , 2006 .

[13]  O. Gökçe,et al.  İzmir ve Manisa İllerinde Ceviz Yetiştiriciliğinin Sosyo-Ekonomik Yönü ve Sorunları Üzerine Bir Araştırma , 2006 .

[14]  Mehmet Ali Koyuncu,et al.  Cracking Characteristics of Walnut , 2004 .

[15]  C. Aydin,et al.  Physical properties of almond nut and kernel , 2003 .

[16]  D. Balasubramanian,et al.  PH—Postharvest Technology: Physical Properties of Raw Cashew Nut , 2001 .

[17]  J. O. Olajide,et al.  Some Physical Properties of Locust Bean Seed , 1999 .

[18]  Lua,et al.  Mechanical Behaviour and Split Resistance of Chestnut under Compressive Loading , 2012 .

[19]  Hakan Kibar,et al.  The effect of moisture content on the physico-mechanical properties of some hazelnut varieties , 2009 .

[20]  E. Altuntaş,et al.  Effect of moisture content on some physical and mechanical properties of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grains , 2007 .

[21]  Alper Mutlu.  Antepfıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Kabuklu ve İç Meyvesinin Bazı Fiziksel Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi , 2007 .

[22]  K. Özgür,et al.  Değişik ceviz çeşitlerinin farklı nem değerlerindeki bazı mekanik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi , 2006 .

[23]  Lope G. Tabil,et al.  Some physical properties of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) nut and its kernel , 2006 .

[24]  N. Çağlarırmak.  Biochemical and physical properties of some walnut genotypes (Juglans regia L.). , 2003, Die Nahrung.