Electron microscopy of functional ribosome complexes.

Cryoelectron microscopy has made a number of significant contributions to our understanding of the translation process. The method of single-particle reconstruction is particularly well suited for the study of the dynamics of ribosome-ligand interactions. This review follows the events of the functional cycle and discusses the findings in the context provided by the recently published x-ray structures.

[1]  T. Steitz,et al.  The structural basis of ribosome activity in peptide bond synthesis. , 2000, Science.

[2]  J. Frank.  Ribosomal dynamics explored by cryo-electron microscopy. , 2001, Methods.

[3]  Joachim Frank,et al.  A ratchet-like inter-subunit reorganization of the ribosome during translocation , 2000, Nature.

[4]  J Frank,et al.  Location of translational initiation factor IF3 on the small ribosomal subunit. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[5]  R. Garrett,et al.  UV-induced modifications in the peptidyl transferase loop of 23S rRNA dependent on binding of the streptogramin B antibiotic, pristinamycin IA. , 1999, RNA.

[6]  J Frank,et al.  Visualization of elongation factor G on the Escherichia coli 70S ribosome: the mechanism of translocation. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[7]  J. Frank,et al.  Localization of L11 protein on the ribosome and elucidation of its involvement in EF-G-dependent translocation. , 2001, Journal of molecular biology.

[8]  M. Heel,et al.  Large-Scale Movement of Elongation Factor G and Extensive Conformational Change of the Ribosome during Translocation , 2000, Cell.

[9]  Roger A. Garrett,et al.  The Ribosome, Structure, Function, Antibiotics, and Cellular Interactions , 2000 .

[10]  J. Frank,et al.  A model of the translational apparatus based on a three-dimensional reconstruction of the Escherichia coli ribosome. , 1995, Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire.

[11]  C. Vonrhein,et al.  Structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit , 2000, Nature.

[12]  A E Dahlberg,et al.  A conformational switch in Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA during decoding of messenger RNA. , 1997, Science.

[13]  J Frank,et al.  Structure and structural variations of the Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal subunit as revealed by three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy. , 1999, Journal of molecular biology.

[14]  J. Frank,et al.  The movement of tRNA through the ribosome. , 1998, Biophysical journal.

[15]  Joachim Frank,et al.  Cryo‐EM reveals an active role for aminoacyl‐tRNA in the accommodation process , 2002, The EMBO journal.

[16]  M. Bretscher.  Direct Translation of a Circular Messenger DNA , 1968, Nature.

[17]  J. Frank,et al.  Direct Visualization of A-, P-, and E-Site Transfer RNAs in the Escherichia coli Ribosome , 1996, Science.

[18]  J Frank,et al.  Hepatitis C Virus IRES RNA-Induced Changes in the Conformation of the 40S Ribosomal Subunit , 2001, Science.

[19]  J. Frank,et al.  A model of protein synthesis based on cryo-electron microscopy of the E. coli ribosome , 1995, Nature.

[20]  V. Ramakrishnan,et al.  Crystal structure of an initiation factor bound to the 30S ribosomal subunit. , 2001, Science.

[21]  J Frank,et al.  Three-dimensional reconstruction of the Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal subunit in ice. , 1996, Journal of molecular biology.

[22]  J. Frank,et al.  Major rearrangements in the 70S ribosomal 3D structure caused by a conformational switch in 16S ribosomal RNA , 1999, The EMBO journal.

[23]  Joachim Frank,et al.  Visualization of Trna Movements on the Escherichia coli 70s Ribosome during the Elongation Cycle , 2000, The Journal of cell biology.

[24]  V. Ramakrishnan,et al.  Structure of a bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit at 5.5 Å resolution , 1999, Nature.

[25]  R. Brimacombe,et al.  Arrangement of tRNAs in Pre- and Posttranslocational Ribosomes Revealed by Electron Cryomicroscopy , 1997, Cell.

[26]  J. McCutcheon,et al.  A Detailed View of a Ribosomal Active Site The Structure of the L11–RNA Complex , 1999, Cell.

[27]  A Yonath,et al.  A tunnel in the large ribosomal subunit revealed by three-dimensional image reconstruction. , 1987, Science.

[28]  J. Frank.  The ribosome-structure and functional ligand-binding experiments using cryo-electron microscopy. , 1998, Journal of structural biology.

[29]  S. White,et al.  Electrons and X-rays gang up on the ribosome. , 2000, Structure.

[30]  F. Schluenzen,et al.  Structure of Functionally Activated Small Ribosomal Subunit at 3.3 Å Resolution , 2000, Cell.

[31]  R. Milligan,et al.  Location of exit channel for nascent protein in 80S ribosome , 1986, Nature.

[32]  T. Steitz,et al.  The crystal structure of elongation factor G complexed with GDP, at 2.7 A resolution. , 1994, The EMBO journal.

[33]  J Frank,et al.  Escherichia coli 70 S ribosome at 15 A resolution by cryo-electron microscopy: localization of fMet-tRNAfMet and fitting of L1 protein. , 1998, Journal of molecular biology.

[34]  R. Brimacombe,et al.  Visualization of elongation factor Tu on the Escherichia coli ribosome , 1997, Nature.

[35]  J. Frank,et al.  Studies of Elongation Factor G-Dependent tRNA Translocation by Three-Dimensional Cryo-Electron Microscopy , 2000 .

[36]  J. Frank,et al.  Effect of Buffer Conditions on the Position of tRNA on the 70 S Ribosome As Visualized by Cryoelectron Microscopy* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[37]  J. Frank,et al.  A method for differentiating proteins from nucleic acids in intermediate-resolution density maps: cryo-electron microscopy defines the quaternary structure of the Escherichia coli 70S ribosome. , 2000, Structure.

[38]  H. Noller,et al.  Identification of an RNA-protein bridge spanning the ribosomal subunit interface. , 1999, Science.

[39]  T. Earnest,et al.  X-ray crystal structures of 70S ribosome functional complexes. , 1999, Science.

[40]  J. Frank,et al.  Solution Structure of the E. coli 70S Ribosome at 11.5 Å Resolution , 2000, Cell.

[41]  M. Rodnina,et al.  Hydrolysis of GTP by elongation factor G drives tRNA movement on the ribosome , 1997, Nature.

[42]  V. Ramakrishnan,et al.  Recognition of Cognate Transfer RNA by the 30S Ribosomal Subunit , 2001, Science.

[43]  H. Zhang,et al.  A Proteolytic Transmembrane Signaling Pathway and Resistance to β-Lactams in Staphylococci , 2001, Science.

[44]  A. Liljas,et al.  Three‐dimensional structure of the ribosomal translocase: elongation factor G from Thermus thermophilus. , 1994, The EMBO journal.

[45]  Joachim Frank,et al.  A 9 Å Resolution X-Ray Crystallographic Map of the Large Ribosomal Subunit , 1998, Cell.

[46]  Y Endo,et al.  Ribotoxin recognition of ribosomal RNA and a proposal for the mechanism of translocation. , 1992, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[47]  T. Steitz,et al.  The complete atomic structure of the large ribosomal subunit at 2.4 A resolution. , 2000, Science.

[48]  J. Frank,et al.  Conformational variability in Escherichia coli 70S ribosome as revealed by 3D cryo-electron microscopy. , 1999, The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.

[49]  M Kjeldgaard,et al.  Macromolecular mimicry , 2000, The EMBO journal.

[50]  S Thirup,et al.  Crystal Structure of the Ternary Complex of Phe-tRNAPhe, EF-Tu, and a GTP Analog , 1995, Science.

[51]  Joachim Frank,et al.  EF-G-dependent GTP hydrolysis induces translocation accompanied by large conformational changes in the 70S ribosome , 1999, Nature Structural Biology.

[52]  J Frank,et al.  Movement of the decoding region of the 16 S ribosomal RNA accompanies tRNA translocation. , 2000, Journal of molecular biology.

[53]  Harry F Noller,et al.  Mapping the Position of Translational Elongation Factor EF-G in the Ribosome by Directed Hydroxyl Radical Probing , 1998, Cell.