Cloning and expression analyses of sucrose non-fermenting-1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1b) gene during development of sorghum and maize endosperm and its implicated role in sugar-to-starch metabolic transition.

A full-length cDNA clone, SbSnRK1b (1530 bp, GenBank accession no. EF544393), encoding a putative serine/threonine protein kinase homologue of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) SNF1, was isolated from developing endosperm of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Multiple sequence alignment data showed a phylogenetic affiliation of the sorghum clone with the SnRK1b group of protein kinases that are highly expressed in cereal seed endosperm. The DNA gel blot analyses indicated that SbSnRK1b gene is present as a single- or low copy number gene in sorghum. The RNA and protein gel blot analyses confirmed the expression of SbSnRK1b in developing sorghum caryopses, overlapping with the starch biosynthesis phase, 12-24 days after fertilization. In situ hybridization and immunolocalization data resolved the spatial specificity of SbSnRK1b expression in the basal endosperm transfer cell layer, the unique port of assimilate unloading in the growing sorghum seed. Expression of SbSnRK1b was also evident in the developing sorghum microspores, coincident with the onset of starch deposition phase. As in sorghum, similar spatiotemporal specificity of SnRK1b expression was observed during maize (Zea mays L.) seed development. However, discordant in situ hybridization and immunolocalization data indicated that the expression of SbSnRK1b homologue in maize is under posttranscriptional control during endosperm development.

[1]  Mukesh Jain,et al.  Expression of cell wall invertase and several other genes of sugar metabolism in relation to seed development in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). , 2008, Journal of plant physiology.

[2]  K. Boote,et al.  Effects of season-long high temperature growth conditions on sugar-to-starch metabolism in developing microspores of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) , 2007, Planta.

[3]  Su-May Yu,et al.  The SnRK1A Protein Kinase Plays a Key Role in Sugar Signaling during Germination and Seedling Growth of Rice[W] , 2007, The Plant Cell Online.

[4]  Mukesh Jain,et al.  Prospecting the utility of a PMI/mannose selection system for the recovery of transgenic sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) plants , 2007, Plant Cell Reports.

[5]  M. Kreis,et al.  AKINβγ Contributes to SnRK1 Heterotrimeric Complexes and Interacts with Two Proteins Implicated in Plant Pathogen Resistance through Its KIS/GBD Sequence1 , 2006, Plant Physiology.

[6]  Joost T. van Dongen,et al.  SNF1-related kinases allow plants to tolerate herbivory by allocating carbon to roots , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[7]  M. Peggie,et al.  Phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding of Arabidopsis trehalose-phosphate synthase 5 in response to 2-deoxyglucose. , 2006, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[8]  M. Burrell,et al.  Production of high-starch, low-glucose potatoes through over-expression of the metabolic regulator SnRK1. , 2006, Plant Biotechnology Journal.

[9]  W. Weschke,et al.  Repressing the Expression of the SUCROSE NONFERMENTING-1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE Gene in Pea Embryo Causes Pleiotropic Defects of Maturation Similar to an Abscisic Acid-Insensitive Phenotype1[W] , 2005, Plant Physiology.

[10]  M. Takano,et al.  Expressions of rice sucrose non-fermenting-1 related protein kinase 1 genes are differently regulated during the caryopsis development. , 2005, Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB.

[11]  D. Hardie.  The AMP-activated protein kinase pathway – new players upstream and downstream , 2004, Journal of Cell Science.

[12]  H. Ronne,et al.  Snf1‐related protein kinase 1 is needed for growth in a normal day–night light cycle , 2004, The EMBO journal.

[13]  D. Pring,et al.  Transcript profiling of male-fertile and male-sterile sorghum indicates extensive alterations in gene expression during microgametogenesis , 2004, Sexual Plant Reproduction.

[14]  P. Geigenberger,et al.  Evidence that SNF1-related kinase and hexokinase are involved in separate sugar-signalling pathways modulating post-translational redox activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in potato tubers. , 2003, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[15]  Trey Ideker,et al.  Multiple Pathways Are Co-regulated by the Protein Kinase Snf1 and the Transcription Factors Adr1 and Cat8* , 2003, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[16]  David Carling,et al.  Activation of yeast Snf1 and mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase by upstream kinases , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[17]  K. Bradford,et al.  Abscisic Acid and Gibberellin Differentially Regulate Expression of Genes of the SNF1-Related Kinase Complex in Tomato Seeds1 , 2003, Plant Physiology.

[18]  M. Gribskov,et al.  The Arabidopsis CDPK-SnRK Superfamily of Protein Kinases , 2003, Plant Physiology.

[19]  Linhui Hao,et al.  Geminivirus AL2 and L2 Proteins Interact with and Inactivate SNF1 Kinase Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.009530. , 2003, The Plant Cell Online.

[20]  R. McKibbin,et al.  Antisense SNF1-related (SnRK1) protein kinase gene represses transient activity of an alpha-amylase (alpha-Amy2) gene promoter in cultured wheat embryos. , 2003, Journal of experimental botany.

[21]  P. Chourey,et al.  Starch Biosynthesis during Pollen Maturation Is Associated with Altered Patterns of Gene Expression in Maize1 , 2002, Plant Physiology.

[22]  Makoto Takano,et al.  Cell wall invertase in developing rice caryopsis: molecular cloning of OsCIN1 and analysis of its expression in relation to its role in grain filling. , 2002, Plant & cell physiology.

[23]  P. Shewry,et al.  Expression of antisense SnRK1 protein kinase sequence causes abnormal pollen development and male sterility in transgenic barley. , 2002, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[24]  P. Chourey,et al.  Gene-expression analysis of sucrose-starch metabolism during pollen maturation in cytoplasmic male-sterile and fertile lines of sorghum , 2001, Sexual Plant Reproduction.

[25]  D. Pring,et al.  Mitochondrial atp6 transcript editing during microgametogenesis in male-sterile sorghum , 2001, Current Genetics.

[26]  Nigel G Halford,et al.  Two SNF1-related protein kinases from spinach leaf phosphorylate and inactivate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, nitrate reductase, and sucrose phosphate synthase in vitro. , 1999, Plant physiology.

[27]  M. Takano,et al.  Rice has two distinct classes of protein kinase genes related to SNF1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which are differently regulated in early seed development , 1998, Molecular and General Genetics MGG.

[28]  D. Grahame Hardie,et al.  SNF1-related protein kinases: global regulators of carbon metabolism in plants? , 1998, Plant Molecular Biology.

[29]  Alison M. Smith,et al.  Antisense expression of a sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase sequence in potato results in decreased expression of sucrose synthase in tubers and loss of sucrose-inducibility of sucrose synthase transcripts in leaves , 1998 .

[30]  J. Stockhaus,et al.  Characterization of a Sorghum bicolor gene family encoding putative protein kinases with a high similarity to the yeast SNF1 protein kinase , 1998, Plant Molecular Biology.

[31]  A. L. Man,et al.  Potato SNF1-related protein kinase: molecular cloning, expression analysis and peptide kinase activity measurements , 1997, Plant Molecular Biology.

[32]  P. Shewry,et al.  Evidence That Barley 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase Kinase Is a Member of the Sucrose Nonfermenting-1-Related Protein Kinase Family , 1996, Plant physiology.

[33]  L. Shaw,et al.  Transcript processing internal to a mitochondrial open reading frame is correlated with fertility restoration in male-sterile sorghum. , 1996, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[34]  P. Chourey,et al.  The Miniature1 Seed Locus of Maize Encodes a Cell Wall Invertase Required for Normal Development of Endosperm and Maternal Cells in the Pedicel. , 1996, The Plant cell.

[35]  H. Fu,et al.  Sink- and vascular-associated sucrose synthase functions are encoded by different gene classes in potato. , 1995, The Plant cell.

[36]  P. Shewry,et al.  Differential expression of two barley SNF1-related protein kinase genes , 1995, Plant Molecular Biology.

[37]  G. Martin,et al.  A member of the tomato Pto gene family confers sensitivity to fenthion resulting in rapid cell death. , 1994, The Plant cell.

[38]  T. Muranaka,et al.  Characterization of tobacco protein kinase NPK5, a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SNF1 that constitutively activates expression of the glucose-repressible SUC2 gene for a secreted invertase of S. cerevisiae , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[39]  M. Carlson,et al.  N-terminal mutations modulate yeast SNF1 protein kinase function. , 1992, Genetics.

[40]  P. Shewry,et al.  Molecular analyses of a barley multigene family homologous to the yeast protein kinase gene SNF1 , 1992 .

[41]  P. Shewry,et al.  Complementation of snf1, a mutation affecting global regulation of carbon metabolism in yeast, by a plant protein kinase cDNA. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[42]  T. Kuo,et al.  Sugar metabolism in developing kernels of starch-deficient endosperm mutants of maize. , 1990, Plant physiology.

[43]  M. Carlson,et al.  Mutational analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SNF1 protein kinase and evidence for functional interaction with the SNF4 protein , 1989, Molecular and cellular biology.

[44]  M. Redinbaugh,et al.  A procedure for the small-scale isolation of plant RNA suitable for RNA blot analysis. , 1988, Analytical Biochemistry.

[45]  P. Kerr,et al.  Changes in Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Different Parts of Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Plants during a Light/Dark Cycle and in Extended Darkness. , 1985, Plant physiology.

[46]  S. Rogers,et al.  Extraction of DNA from milligram amounts of fresh, herbarium and mummified plant tissues , 1985, Plant Molecular Biology.

[47]  C. Polge,et al.  SNF1/AMPK/SnRK1 kinases, global regulators at the heart of energy control? , 2007, Trends in plant science.

[48]  Mukesh Jain,et al.  Genetic control of cell wall invertases in developing endosperm of maize , 2005, Planta.

[49]  Z. Bánfalvi,et al.  Antisense repression of StubGAL83 affects root and tuber development in potato. , 2003, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[50]  R. McKibbin,et al.  Metabolic signalling and carbon partitioning: role of Snf1-related (SnRK1) protein kinase. , 2003, Journal of experimental botany.

[51]  P. Geigenberger,et al.  Regulation of sucrose to starch conversion in growing potato tubers. , 2003, Journal of experimental botany.