A portable smart phone-based plasmonic nanosensor readout platform that measures transmitted light intensities of nanosubstrates using an ambient light sensor.

Plasmonic nanosensors may be used as tools for diagnostic testing in the field of medicine. However, quantification of plasmonic nanosensors often requires complex and bulky readout instruments. Here, we report the development of a portable smart phone-based plasmonic nanosensor readout platform (PNRP) for accurate quantification of plasmonic nanosensors. This device operates by transmitting excitation light from a LED through a nanosubstrate and measuring the intensity of the transmitted light using the ambient light sensor of a smart phone. The device is a cylinder with a diameter of 14 mm, a length of 38 mm, and a gross weight of 3.5 g. We demonstrated the utility of this smart phone-based PNRP by measuring two well-established plasmonic nanosensors with this system. In the first experiment, the device measured the morphology changes of triangular silver nanoprisms (AgNPRs) in an immunoassay for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In the second experiment, the device measured the aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in an aptamer-based assay for the detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The results from the smart phone-based PNRP were consistent with those from commercial spectrophotometers, demonstrating that the smart phone-based PNRP enables accurate quantification of plasmonic nanosensors.

[1]  Qingjun Liu,et al.  Smartphone-based portable biosensing system using impedance measurement with printed electrodes for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) detection. , 2015, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[2]  S. K. Vashist,et al.  Graphene-based rapid and highly-sensitive immunoassay for C-reactive protein using a smartphone-based colorimetric reader. , 2015, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[3]  Ke Yang,et al.  Novel developments in mobile sensing based on the integration of microfluidic devices and smartphones. , 2016, Lab on a chip.

[4]  Aydogan Ozcan,et al.  A personalized food allergen testing platform on a cellphone. , 2013, Lab on a chip.

[5]  Da Xing,et al.  A handheld flow genetic analysis system (FGAS): towards rapid, sensitive, quantitative and multiplex molecular diagnosis at the point-of-care level. , 2015, Lab on a chip.

[6]  Thomas van Oordt,et al.  A smartphone-based colorimetric reader for bioanalytical applications using the screen-based bottom illumination provided by gadgets. , 2015, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[7]  Aydogan Ozcan,et al.  Mobile phones democratize and cultivate next-generation imaging, diagnostics and measurement tools. , 2014, Lab on a chip.

[8]  Holger Bachmann,et al.  A portable low-cost long-term live-cell imaging platform for biomedical research and education. , 2015, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[9]  Nuno M Reis,et al.  Portable smartphone quantitation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in a fluoropolymer microfluidic device. , 2015, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[10]  Aydogan Ozcan,et al.  Albumin testing in urine using a smart-phone. , 2013, Lab on a chip.

[11]  Xingyu Jiang,et al.  Nanomaterials for Ultrasensitive Protein Detection , 2013, Advanced materials.

[12]  Derek K. Tseng,et al.  Imaging and sizing of single DNA molecules on a mobile phone. , 2014, ACS nano.

[13]  Jong Il Hong,et al.  Development of the smartphone-based colorimetry for multi-analyte sensing arrays. , 2014, Lab on a chip.

[14]  A. Roda,et al.  Integrating biochemiluminescence detection on smartphones: mobile chemistry platform for point-of-need analysis. , 2014, Analytical chemistry.

[15]  Tu San Park,et al.  Smartphone-based, sensitive µPAD detection of urinary tract infection and gonorrhea. , 2015, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[16]  Derek K. Tseng,et al.  Detection and Spatial Mapping of Mercury Contamination in Water Samples Using a Smart-Phone , 2014, ACS nano.

[17]  Zhiwen Liu,et al.  G-Fresnel smartphone spectrometer. , 2016, Lab on a chip.

[18]  Aldo Roda,et al.  A simple and compact smartphone accessory for quantitative chemiluminescence-based lateral flow immunoassay for salivary cortisol detection. , 2015, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[19]  Yong Zhang,et al.  Smartphone based visual and quantitative assays on upconversional paper sensor. , 2016, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[20]  Li Jiang,et al.  Smartphone technology can be transformative to the deployment of lab-on-chip diagnostics. , 2014, Lab on a chip.

[21]  G. Sun,et al.  The footprint of urban heat island effect in China , 2015, Scientific Reports.

[22]  Daniel Filippini,et al.  Towards autonomous lab-on-a-chip devices for cell phone biosensing. , 2016, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[23]  Neil Genzlinger.  A. and Q , 2006 .

[24]  Qingjun Liu,et al.  Biosensors and bioelectronics on smartphone for portable biochemical detection. , 2016, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[25]  George M Whitesides,et al.  Broadly available imaging devices enable high-quality low-cost photometry. , 2015, Analytical chemistry.

[26]  Amy L. Gryshuk,et al.  Cell-Phone-Based Platform for Biomedical Device Development and Education Applications , 2011, PloS one.

[27]  Hongying Zhu,et al.  Optofluidic fluorescent imaging cytometry on a cell phone. , 2011, Analytical chemistry.

[28]  Egan H Doeven,et al.  Reprint of: Use of a mobile phone for potentiostatic control with low cost paper-based microfluidic sensors. , 2013, Analytica chimica acta.

[29]  Ming-Chun Huang,et al.  Rapid electrochemical detection on a mobile phone. , 2013, Lab on a chip.

[30]  M. Grzelczak,et al.  Enzymatic modulation of gold nanorod growth and application to nerve gas detection , 2013 .

[31]  Steve Feng,et al.  Rapid imaging, detection and quantification of Giardia lamblia cysts using mobile-phone based fluorescent microscopy and machine learning. , 2015, Lab on a chip.

[32]  Steve Feng,et al.  Cellphone-Based Hand-Held Microplate Reader for Point-of-Care Testing of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays. , 2015, ACS nano.

[33]  D. Xing,et al.  Visual and sensitive detection of viable pathogenic bacteria by sensing of RNA markers in gold nanoparticles based paper platform. , 2014, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[34]  J. Hodgkiss,et al.  Ultrasensitive colorimetric detection of 17β-estradiol: the effect of shortening DNA aptamer sequences. , 2015, Analytical chemistry.

[35]  X. Liu,et al.  A Gold Nanoparticle‐Based Aptamer Target Binding Readout for ATP Assay , 2007 .

[36]  Can Fang,et al.  Disposable lateral flow-through strip for smartphone-camera to quantitatively detect alkaline phosphatase activity in milk. , 2015, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[37]  Laura Sola,et al.  A fast and simple label-free immunoassay based on a smartphone. , 2014, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[38]  Yuhuan Zhang,et al.  A portable system for on-site quantification of formaldehyde in air based on G-quadruplex halves coupled with A smartphone reader. , 2016, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[39]  Fei Wang,et al.  Analysis of influenza virus receptor specificity using glycan-functionalized gold nanoparticles. , 2014, ACS nano.

[40]  Zhiqiang Gao,et al.  A highly sensitive plasmonic DNA assay based on triangular silver nanoprism etching. , 2014, ACS nano.

[41]  Molly M Stevens,et al.  Colorimetric Detection of Small Molecules in Complex Matrixes via Target-Mediated Growth of Aptamer-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. , 2015, Analytical chemistry.

[42]  Michel Orrit,et al.  Toward single-molecule microscopy on a smart phone. , 2013, ACS nano.

[43]  Donglin Cao,et al.  Silver nanoprism etching-based plasmonic ELISA for the high sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen. , 2015, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[44]  Zhi Zhu,et al.  Au@Pt nanoparticle encapsulated target-responsive hydrogel with volumetric bar-chart chip readout for quantitative point-of-care testing. , 2014, Angewandte Chemie.