Connectivity Optimization for Wireless Sensor Networks Applied to Forest Monitoring

Device Deployment plays a key role in the performance of any large-scale Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) application. WSN device deployment (i.e. the numbers and positions of the devices) must consider several design factors, viz. coverage, connectivity, lifetime, etc. However, connectivity remains the most fundamental factor especially in a large scale harsh environment. In this paper, we explore the problem of Relay Node (RN) placement in 3D forestry space. We formulate a generalized RN deployment optimization problem aimed at maximizing the network connectivity with constraints on RNs count. We investigate how the number of RNs can affect the connectivity of a WSN in a harsh environment. Based on quantitative analysis of such effects, the paper sets a threshold on the minimum number of required RNs.

[1]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Sensor Networks , 2002, Encyclopedia of GIS.

[2]  Chen-Nee Chuah,et al.  Energy-aware node placement in wireless sensor networks , 2004, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2004. GLOBECOM '04..

[3]  Vlady Ravelomanana,et al.  Extremal properties of three-dimensional sensor networks with applications , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[4]  M. Ishizuka,et al.  Performance study of node placement in sensor networks , 2004, 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, 2004. Proceedings..

[5]  Wei Hong,et al.  A macroscope in the redwoods , 2005, SenSys '05.

[6]  Hossam S. Hassanein,et al.  Optimal wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deployment: minimum cost with lifetime constraint , 2005, WiMob'2005), IEEE International Conference on Wireless And Mobile Computing, Networking And Communications, 2005..

[7]  Hossam S. Hassanein,et al.  Relay node deployment strategies in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks: multiple-hop communication case , 2005, 2005 Second Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2005. IEEE SECON 2005..

[8]  S. Sitharama Iyengar,et al.  Computing reliability and message delay for Cooperative wireless distributed sensor networks subject to random failures , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Reliability.

[9]  Hossam S. Hassanein,et al.  Relay node deployment strategies in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks: single-hop communication case , 2005, GLOBECOM '05. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2005..

[10]  Zygmunt J. Haas,et al.  Coverage and connectivity in three-dimensional networks , 2006, MobiCom '06.

[11]  Stephen P. Boyd,et al.  Growing Well-connected Graphs , 2006, Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[12]  Byung-rak Son,et al.  A Design and Implementation of Forest-Fires Surveillance System based on Wireless Sensor Networks for South Korea Mountains , 2006 .

[13]  Maxim A. Batalin,et al.  Autonomous Robotic Sensing Experiments at San Joaquin River , 2007, Proceedings 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[14]  A. Jamakovic,et al.  On the relationship between the algebraic connectivity and graph's robustness to node and link failures , 2007, 2007 Next Generation Internet Networks.

[15]  J. Rodrigues,et al.  Channel Propagation Model for Mobile Network Project in Densely Arboreous Environments , 2007 .

[16]  C. Glennie.  Rigorous 3D error analysis of kinematic scanning LIDAR systems , 2007 .

[17]  Hossam S. Hassanein,et al.  How Resilient is Grid-based WSN Coverage to Deployment Errors? , 2007, 2007 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.

[18]  M. Younis,et al.  Strategies and techniques for node placement in wireless sensor networks: A survey , 2008, Ad hoc networks.