Interfaces modeling for Product-Service System integration

Product-Service System (PSS) is proposed as an answer to the increasing need for providing sustainable solutions in nowadays competitive markets. To fulfil the advanced needs of customers, OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) start collaborating with service and technology providers to develop a customised package of heterogeneous tangible and intangible components. Consequently, defining the interfaces is crucial to integrate these components into a unique system. Comparing to the product or service design, modeling interfaces in PSS is challenging because of the heterogeneity of its components, especially, when a tangible component is interacting with an intangible one. This paper aims at proposing a conceptual model supporting the definition and classification of interfaces in PSS architecture. Based on Systems Engineering (SE) recommendations, the model allows the definition of interfaces through the system definition from the functional to the physical architecture. The application of the model is illustrated by a pragmatic use case concerning the self-service and station-less bicycle sharing system.