U6+ MINERALS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS: INSIGHTS INTO AN EXPANDED STRUCTURAL HIERARCHY OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

The crystal structures of uranyl minerals and inorganic uranyl compounds are important for understanding the genesis of U deposits, the interaction of U mine and mill tailings with the environment, transport of actinides in soils and the vadose zone, the performance of geological repositories for nuclear waste, and for the development of advanced materials with novel applications. Over the past decade, the number of inorganic uranyl compounds (including minerals) with known structures has more than doubled, and reconsideration of the structural hierarchy of uranyl compounds is warranted. Here, 368 inorganic crystal structures that contain essential U6+ are considered (of which 89 are minerals). They are arranged on the basis of the topological details of their structural units, which are formed by the polymerization of polyhedra containing higher-valence cations. Overarching structural categories correspond to those based upon isolated polyhedra (8), finite clusters (43), chains (57), sheets (204), and frameworks (56) of polyhedra. Within these categories, structures are organized and compared upon the basis of either their graphical representations, or in the case of sheets involving sharing of edges of polyhedra, upon the topological arrangement of anions within the sheets.

[1]  E. Buck,et al.  Contaminant Uranium Phases and Leaching at the Fernald Site in Ohio , 1996 .

[2]  M. Gasperin.  Synthèse et structure du borouranate de calcium: CaB2U2O10 , 1987 .

[3]  T. Albrecht‐Schmitt,et al.  Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal chemistry of the new strontium uranyl selenites, Sr[(UO2)3(SeO3)2O2]⋅4H2O and Sr[UO2(SeO3)2] , 2004 .

[4]  P. Burns,et al.  The structure of agrinierite: a Sr-containing uranyl oxide hydrate mineral , 2000 .

[5]  B. O. Loopstra,et al.  Uranyl selenite and uranyl tellurite , 1978 .

[6]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  THE CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF URANYL MOLYBDATES. II. THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF IRIGINITE , 2000 .

[7]  Peter C. Burns,et al.  Incorporation mechanisms of actinide elements into the structures of U6+ phases formed during the oxidation of spent nuclear fuel , 1997 .

[8]  R. Ewing,et al.  The crystal structure of schoepite, [(UO 2 ) 8 O 2 (OH) 12 ](H 2 O) 12 , 1996 .

[9]  T. Murakami,et al.  Mobitity of uranium during weathering , 1997 .

[10]  K. Mereiter.  Die Kristallstruktur des Johannits, Cu(UO2)2(OH)2(SO4)2·8H2O , 1982 .

[11]  H. Hoekstra,et al.  Redetermination of the crystal structure of barium uranate , 1976 .

[12]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  Structural topology of potassium uranyl chromates: crystal structures of K8[(UO2)(CrO4)4](NO3)2, K5[(UO2)(CrO4)3](NO3)(H2O)3, K4[(UO2)3(CrO4)5](H2O)8 and K2[(UO2)2(CrO4)3(H2O)2](H2O)4 , 2003 .

[13]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  Nanoscale tubules in uranyl selenates. , 2005, Angewandte Chemie.

[14]  P. Burns.  The structure of compreignacite, K 2 (UO 2 ) 3 O 2 (OH) 3 ] 2 (H 2 O) 7 , 1998 .

[15]  H. Hoekstra,et al.  The structure of hydrogen triuranate , 1972 .

[16]  S. Merlino,et al.  Larisaite, Na(H3O)(UO2)3(SeO3)2O2 . 4H2O, a new uranyl selenite mineral from Repete mine, San Juan County, Utah, U.S.A. , 2004 .

[17]  P. Finn,et al.  The Release of Uranium, Plutonium, Cesium, Strontium, Technetium and Iodine from Spent Fuel under Unsaturated Conditions , 1996 .

[18]  J. C. Taylor,et al.  Neutron powder profile studies of the gamma uranium trioxide phases , 1977 .

[19]  P. Burns,et al.  THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BERGENITE, A NEW GEOMETRICAL ISOMER OF THE PHOSPHURANYLITE GROUP , 2003 .

[20]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  Geometrical isomerism in uranyl chromates II. Crystal structures of Mg2[(UO2)3(CrO4)5](H2O)17 and Ca2[(UO2)3(CrO4)5](H2O)19 , 2003 .

[21]  A. Jacobson,et al.  The novel open-framework uranium silicates Na2(UO2)(Si4O10)·2.1H2O (USH-1) and RbNa(UO2)(Si2O6)·H2O (USH-3) , 2002 .

[22]  J. C. Taylor,et al.  A neutron diffraction study of uranyl nitrate hexahydrate , 1965 .

[23]  J. Declercq,et al.  Structure cristalline de l'upalite Al[(UO2)3O(OH)(PO4)2].7H2O. Un exemple de macle mimétique , 1983 .

[24]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  Highly porous uranyl selenate nanotubules. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[25]  K. Waltersson,et al.  The crystal structure of Cs[VOF3] · 12H2O , 1979 .

[26]  D. Ginderow.  Structure de l'uranophane alpha, Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2•5H2O , 1988 .

[27]  H. Hoekstra,et al.  The crystal structure of copper uranium tetroxide , 1968 .

[28]  E. F. Bertaut,et al.  Paramétres atomiques et structure magnétique de MnUO4 , 1966 .

[29]  A. Cousson,et al.  Synthesis and crystal structure of K2U2O7 and Mössbauer (237Np) studies of K2Np2O7 and CaNpO4 , 1988 .

[30]  S. Hull,et al.  Powder neutron diffraction study of the mixed uranium–vanadium oxides Cs2(UO2)2(V2O8) and UVO5 , 1992 .

[31]  L. Kovba.  Crystal structure of K2U7O22 , 1972 .

[32]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  Crystal Chemistry of Rubidium Uranyl Molybdates: Crystal Structures of Rb6[(UO2)(MoO4)4], Rb6[(UO2)2O(MoO4)4], Rb2[(UO2)(MoO4)2], Rb2[(UO2)2(MoO4)3] and Rb2[(UO2)6(MoO4)7(H2O)2] , 2002 .

[33]  G. Meunier,et al.  Structure cristalline de la schmitterite synthétique UTeO5 , 1973 .

[34]  J. Valkonen,et al.  URANYL(VI) COMPOUNDS. I. THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF AMMONIUM URANYL SULFATE DIHYDRATE, (NH4)2UO2(SO4)2.2H2O , 1978 .

[35]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  Synthesis and crystal structure of Cu2{(UO2)3[(S,Cr)O4]5}(H2O)17 , 2004 .

[36]  V. Ivanov,et al.  The crystal structure of meta-autunite, Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2*6H2O , 1960 .

[37]  L. Macaskie,et al.  Enzymically mediated bioprecipitation of uranium by a Citrobacter sp. : a concerted role for exocellular lipopolysaccharide and associated phosphatase in biomineral formation. , 2000, Microbiology.

[38]  R. Olson,et al.  KNa3(UO2)2(Si4O10)2(H2O)4, a new compound formed during vapor hydration of an actinide-bearing borosilicate waste glass , 2000 .

[39]  A. Navrotsky,et al.  Stability of Peroxide-Containing Uranyl Minerals , 2003, Science.

[40]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Cs4[UO2(CO3)3] , 2004 .

[41]  G. Giester,et al.  Revision of the crystal structure of ulrichite, CaCu2+(UO2)(PO4)2 ·4H2O , 2001, Mineralogical Magazine.

[42]  V. N. Serezhkin,et al.  Crystal structure of Sr[UO2(OH)CrO4]2·8H2O , 1982 .

[43]  Peter C. Burns,et al.  U (super 6+) minerals and inorganic phases; a comparison and hierarchy of crystal structures , 1996 .

[44]  A. V. Egmond.  Investigations on cesium uranates—VI: The crystal structures of Cs2U2O7 , 1976 .

[45]  P. Burns,et al.  New Structural Arrangements in Three Ca Uranyl Carbonate Compounds with Multiple Anionic Species , 2002 .

[46]  Edgar C. Buck,et al.  Ten-year results from unsaturated drip tests with UO2 at 90°C: implications for the corrosion of spent nuclear fuel , 1996 .

[47]  F. Hawthorne,et al.  STRUCTURE TOPOLOGY AND HYDROGEN BONDING IN MARTHOZITE, Cu2+[(UO2)3(SeO3)2O2](H2O)8, A COMPARISON WITH GUILLEMINITE, Ba[(UO2)3(SeO3)2O2](H2O)3 , 2001 .

[48]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  The crystal structure of Na4(UO2)(CO3)3 and its relationship to schröckingerite , 2001, Mineralogical Magazine.

[49]  E. Bekaert,et al.  Synthesis and crystal structure of new uranyl tungstates M2(UO2)(W2O8) (M=Na, K), M2(UO2)2(WO5)O (M=K, Rb), and Na10(UO2)8(W5O20)O8 , 2003 .

[50]  A. Lindberg,et al.  The Crystal Structure of [(UO2)2(OH)2Cl2(H2O)4]. , 1969 .

[51]  P. Burns,et al.  The structures of two sodium uranyl compounds relevant to nuclear waste disposal , 2001 .

[52]  P. Burns,et al.  INVESTIGATIONS OF CRYSTAL-CHEMICAL VARIABILITY IN LEAD URANYL OXIDE HYDRATES. II. FOURMARIERITE , 2000 .

[53]  D. Appleman,et al.  Crystal structures and crystal chemistry of the uranyl oxide hydrates becquerelite, billietite, and protasite , 1987 .

[54]  P. Burns,et al.  Studtite, [(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2](H2O)2: The first structure of a peroxide mineral , 2003 .

[55]  P. Burns,et al.  The Crystal Structure of Triuranyl Diphosphate Tetrahydrate , 2002 .

[56]  H. T. Evans.  Uranyl Ion Coordination , 1963, Science.

[57]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  The First Sodium Uranyl Chromate, Na4((UO2)(CrO4)3): Synthesis and Crystal Structure Determination , 2003 .

[58]  H. Hoekstra,et al.  The crystal structure of lithium uranate , 1978 .

[59]  P. Burns,et al.  A TOPOLOGICALLY NOVEL SHEET OF URANYL PENTAGONAL BIPYRAMIDS IN THE STRUCTURE OF Na[(UO2)4O2(OH)5](H2O)2 , 2002 .

[60]  P. Burns.  CCD AREA DETECTORS OF X-RAYS APPLIED TO THE ANALYSIS OF MINERAL STRUCTURES , 1998 .

[61]  M. Ross,et al.  Studies of the torbernite minerals (I): The crystal structure of abernathyite and the structurally related compounds NH4(UO2AsO4).3H2O and K(H3O)(UO2AsO4)2.6H2O , 1964 .

[62]  M. Gasperin.  Synthèse et structure du diborouranate de magnésium, MgB2UO7 , 1987 .

[63]  A. V. Egmond.  Investigations on cesium uranates—V: The crystal structures of Cs2UO4, Cs4U5O17, Cs2U7O22 and Cs2U15O46 , 1976 .

[64]  H. Tagawa,et al.  The crystal structures of α and γ SrUO4 , 1977 .

[65]  F. Veselovský,et al.  Cejkaite, the triclinic polymorph of Na4(UO2)(CO3)3—a new mineral from Jáchymov, Czech Republic , 2003 .

[66]  P. Burns.  The structure of boltwoodite and implications of solid solution toward sodium boltwoodite , 1998 .

[67]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  Combinatorial topology of uranyl molybdate sheets: syntheses and crystal structures of (C6H14N2)3[(UO2)5(MoO4)8](H2O)4 and (C2H10N2)[(UO2)(MoO4)2] , 2003 .

[68]  M. Saadi,et al.  Synthesis, crystal structure and electrical characterization of Cs4[(UO2)2(V2O7)O2], a uranyl divanadate with chains of corner-sharing uranyl square bipyramids , 2004 .

[69]  K. Mereiter.  Structure of caesium tricarbonatodioxouranate(VI) hexahydrate , 1988 .

[70]  K. Mereiter.  The crystal structure of walpurgite, (UO2)Bi4O4(AsO4)2·2H2O , 1982 .

[71]  D. H. Templeton,et al.  Structure of a new uranyl sulfate hydrate .alpha.-2UO2SO4.cntdot.7H2O , 1978 .

[72]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  A novel rigid uranyl tungstate sheet in the structures of Na2[(UO2)W2O8] and α- and β-Ag2[(UO2)W2O8] , 2003 .

[73]  P. Burns,et al.  The structure of masuyite, Pb[(UO 2 ) 3 O 3 (OH) 2 ](H 2 O) 3 , and its relationship to protasite , 1999 .

[74]  P. Burns,et al.  The Rb analogue of grimselite, Rb6Na2[(UO2)(CO3)3]2(H2O). , 2004, Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications.

[75]  J. C. Taylor.  The structure of the α form of uranyl hydroxide , 1971 .

[76]  R. Hoppe,et al.  Neues über Oxouranate (VI): Na4UO5 und K4UO5 [1] , 1986 .

[77]  P. Burns.  A NEW URANYL SILICATE SHEET IN THE STRUCTURE OF HAIWEEITE AND COMPARISON TO OTHER URANYL SILICATES , 2001 .

[78]  A. D. Wadsley,et al.  The crystal structure of caesium uranyl oxychloride Csx(UO2)OClx (x approximately 0.9) , 1964 .

[79]  S. C. O'brien,et al.  C60: Buckminsterfullerene , 1985, Nature.

[80]  M. Saine.  Synthèse et structure de K2U2O7 monoclinique , 1989 .

[81]  K. Mereiter.  Crystal structure and crystallographic properties of a Schröckingerite from Joachimsthal , 1986 .

[82]  P. Burns,et al.  Structures and syntheses of framework triuranyl diarsenate hydrates , 2003 .

[83]  G. Olofsson,et al.  URANYL(VI) COMPOUNDS. II. THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF POTASSIUM URANYL SULFATE DIHYDRATE, K2UO2(SO4)2.2H2O , 1979 .

[84]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF URANYL MOLYBDATES. V. TOPOLOGICALLY DISTINCT URANYL DIMOLYBDATE SHEETS IN THE STRUCTURES OF Na2((UO2)(MoO4)2) AND K2((UO2)(MoO4)2)(H2O) , 2002 .

[85]  P. Burns,et al.  Syntheses, structures, magnetic properties, and X-ray absorption spectra of carnotite-type uranyl chromium(V) oxides: A[(UO2)2Cr2O8](H2O)n (A = K2, Rb2, Cs2, Mg; N = 0, 4) , 2004 .

[86]  Hsiu-Ru Wang,et al.  Crystal structure and Raman spectral studies of BaSO4—PbSO4 solid solution , 2005 .

[87]  Daniel M. Wells,et al.  Mixed‐Metal Uranium(VI) Iodates: Hydrothermal Syntheses, Structures, and Reactivity of Rb[UO2(CrO4)(IO3)(H2O)], A2[UO2(CrO4)(IO3)2] (A: K, Rb, Cs), and K2[UO2(MoO4)(IO3)2]. , 2002 .

[88]  M. Saadi,et al.  Synthesis and crystal structure of α and β-Rb6U5V2O23, a new layered compound , 2003 .

[89]  A. Fischer.  Competitive coordination of the uranyl ion by perchlorate and water - The crystal structures of UO2(ClO4)(2)center dot 3 H2O and UO2(ClO4)(2)center dot 5 H2O and a redetermination of UO2(ClO4)(2)center dot 7 H2O , 2003 .

[90]  B. O. Loopstra,et al.  β‐Uranyl sulphate and uranyl selenate , 1978 .

[91]  M. Saadi,et al.  A novel open-framework with non-crossing channels in the uranyl vanadates A(UO2)4(VO4)3 (A=Li, Na) , 2004 .

[92]  F. Cesbron,et al.  Structure de la demesmaekerite, Pb2Cu5(SeO3)6(UO2)2(OH)6.2H2O , 1983 .

[93]  J. Jackson,et al.  A RE-EVALUATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF WEEKSITE, A URANYL SILICATE FRAMEWORK MINERAL , 2001 .

[94]  P. Burns,et al.  A NEW RARE-EARTH-ELEMENT URANYL CARBONATE SHEET IN THE STRUCTURE OF BIJVOETITE-(Y) , 2000 .

[95]  M. Saadi,et al.  CsUV3O11, a new uranyl vanadate with a layered structure , 1999 .

[96]  David J. Wronkiewicz,et al.  Uranium release and secondary phase formation during unsaturated testing of UO2 at 90°C , 1992 .

[97]  R. Ewing,et al.  REFINEMENT OF THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF RUTHERFORDINE , 1999 .

[98]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF URANYL MOLYBDATES. I. THE STRUCTURE AND FORMULA OF UMOHOITE , 2000 .

[99]  P. Burns,et al.  A Novel Uranyl Sulfate Cluster in the Structure of Na6(UO2)(SO4)4(H2O)2 , 2002 .

[100]  P. Burns,et al.  Synthesis, structural characterization, and topological rearrangement of a novel open framework U-O material: (NH4)3(H2O)2{[(UO2)10O10(OH)][(UO4)(H2O)2]} , 2001 .

[101]  T. Albrecht‐Schmitt,et al.  Self-assembly of a polar open-framework uranyl vanadyl hexaoxoiodate(VII) constructed entirely from distorted octahedral building units in the first uranium hexaoxoiodate: K2[(UO2)2(VO)2(IO6)2O].H2O. , 2003, Inorganic chemistry.

[102]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  Synthesis and Structure of Ag6[(UO2)3O(MoO4)5]: A Novel Sheet of Triuranyl Clusters and MoO4 Tetrahedra , 2002 .

[103]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF URANYL MOLYBDATES. X. THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF Ag10[(UO2)8O8(Mo5O20)] , 2003 .

[104]  P. Burns,et al.  A novel arrangement of silicate tetrahedra in the uranyl silicate sheet of oursinite, (Co0.8Mg0.2)[(UO2)(SiO3OH)]2(H2O)6 , 2006 .

[105]  E. Cordfunke,et al.  The crystal structure of α- and β-Cs2U2O7 , 1993 .

[106]  M. Leskelä,et al.  Low-temperature crystal structures and thermal deconposition of uranyl hydrogen selenite monohydrate, UO2(HSeO3)2xH2O and diammonium uranyl selenite hemihydrate, (NH4)2UO2(SeO3)2x0.5H2O , 1997 .

[107]  M. Gasperin.  Structure du borate d`uranium UB2O6 , 1987 .

[108]  R. Neumann,et al.  Phurcalite from Perus, Sao Paulo, Brazil, and redetermination of its crystal structure , 1991 .

[109]  H. Hoekstra,et al.  The crystal structure of high-pressure UO3 , 1966 .

[110]  K. Viswanathan,et al.  Refined crystal structure of beta-uranophane, Ca(UO 2 ) 2 (SiO 3 OH) 2 .5H 2 O , 1986 .

[111]  B. O. Loopstra.  On the crystal structure of a-U3O8 , 1977 .

[112]  T. Albrecht‐Schmitt,et al.  Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure of Cs6[(UO2)4(W5O21)(OH)2(H2O)2]: a new polar uranyl tungstate , 2004 .

[113]  M. H. Mueller,et al.  Neutron diffraction study of uranyl nitrate dihydrate , 1971 .

[114]  H. Hoekstra,et al.  Preparation and properties of Cr2UO6 , 1971 .

[115]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  Lone electron pair stereoactivity, cation arrangements and distortion of heteropolyhedral sheets in the structures of Tl2[(UO2)(AO4)2] (A = Cr, Mo) , 2005 .

[116]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two Topologically Related Modifications of Cs2[(UO2)2(MoO4)3] , 2002 .

[117]  S. Y. Lee,et al.  Physicochemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Uranium-Contaminated Soils , 2000 .

[118]  Joseph E. King,et al.  Hydrothermal synthesis, structure, and catalytic properties of UO2Sb2O4 , 2004 .

[119]  Sergey V. Krivovichev,et al.  CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF URANYL MOLYBDATES. VIII. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF Na3Tl3[(UO2)(MoO4)4], Na13−xTl3+x[(UO2)(MoO4)3]4(H2O)6+x (x = 0.1), Na3Tl5[(UO2)(MoO4)3]2(H2O)3 AND Na2[(UO2)(MoO4)2](H2O)4 , 2003 .

[120]  D. Ijdo.  Pb3U11O36, a Rietveld refinement of neutron powder diffraction data , 1993 .

[121]  Dante Gatteschi,et al.  Polyoxometalates: Very Large Clusters-Nanoscale Magnets. , 1998, Chemical reviews.

[122]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF URANYL MOLYBDATES. XI. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF Cs2[(UO2)(MoO4)2] AND Cs2[(UO2)(MoO4)2](H2O) , 2005 .

[123]  T. Albrecht‐Schmitt,et al.  Expanding the Remarkable Structural Diversity of Uranyl Tellurites: Hydrothermal Preparation and Structures of K[UO2Te2O5(OH)], Tl3{(UO2)2[Te2O5(OH)](Te2O6)}·2H2O, β-Tl2[UO2(TeO3)2], and Sr3[UO2(TeO3)2](TeO3)2 , 2002 .

[124]  K. Mereiter,et al.  Synthetic bayleyite, Mg 2 [UO 2 (CO 3 ) 3 ]·18H 2 O: Thermochemistry, crystallography and crystal structure , 1986 .

[125]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF URANYL MOLYBDATES. IX. A NOVEL URANYL MOLYBDATE SHEET IN THE STRUCTURE OF Tl2[(UO2)2O(MoO5)] , 2003 .

[126]  P. Burns.  A new uranyl phosphate chain in the structure of parsonsite , 2000 .

[127]  M. Saadi,et al.  Two new lithium uranyl tungstates Li2(UO2)(WO4)2 and Li2(UO2)4(WO4)4O with framework based on the uranophane sheet anion topology , 2004 .

[128]  G. H. Swihart,et al.  The crystal structure of moctezumite [PbUO2](TeO3)2 , 1993 .

[129]  P. Burns,et al.  THE CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF THE ZIPPEITE GROUP , 2002 .

[130]  P. Burns,et al.  The sharing of an edge between a uranyl pentagonal bipyramid and sulfate tetrahedron in the structure of KNa5[(UO2)(SO4)4](H2O) , 2002 .

[131]  Peter J. Hotchkiss,et al.  An unprecedented uranyl phosphate framework in the structure of [(UO2)3(PO4)O(OH)(H2O)2](H2O). , 2004, Inorganic chemistry.

[132]  J. A. Davis,et al.  Mechanisms of uranium interactions with hydroxyapatite: implications for groundwater remediation. , 2002, Environmental science & technology.

[133]  V. P. Nikolaev,et al.  Structural and spectral studies on potassium dimolybdatouranylate , 1988 .

[134]  Peter C. Burns,et al.  Neptunium incorporation into uranyl compounds that form as alteration products of spent nuclear fuel: Implications for geologic repository performance , 2004 .

[135]  M. Saadi,et al.  Synthesis and crystal structure of the pentahydrated uranyl orthovanadate (UO2)3(VO4)2.5H2O, precursor for the new (UO2)3(VO4)2 uranyl-vanadate , 2000 .

[136]  T. Albrecht‐Schmitt,et al.  Structural Relationships, Interconversion, and Optical Properties of the Uranyl Iodates, UO2(IO3)2 and UO2(IO3)2(H2O): A Comparison of Reactions under Mild and Supercritical Conditions , 2001 .

[137]  P. Burns,et al.  THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF URANOSPHAERITE, Bi(UO2)O2OH , 2003 .

[138]  R. Hoppe,et al.  Neues über Oxouranate: Über α‐Li6UO6. Mit einer Bemerkung über β‐Li6UO6 , 1985 .

[139]  P. Burns,et al.  THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A NOVEL URANYL TRICARBONATE, K2Ca3((UO2)(CO3)3)2(H2O)6 , 2004 .

[140]  P. Burns,et al.  Crystal Structures of Three Framework Alkali Metal Uranyl Phosphate Hydrates , 2002 .

[141]  V. N. Serezhkin,et al.  Crystal structure of uranyl selenate tetrahydrate , 1981 .

[142]  P. Debets.  The structures of uranyl chloride and its hydrates , 1968 .

[143]  F. Hawthorne,et al.  The crystal structure of guilleminite, a hydrated Ba-U-Se sheet structure , 1995 .

[144]  A. Perrin.  Structure cristalline du nitrate de dihydroxo diuranyle tétrahydraté , 1976 .

[145]  M. Ross,et al.  The crystal structure of cesium biuranyl trisulphate, Cs2(UO2)2(SO4)3☆ , 1960 .

[146]  H. Hoekstra,et al.  The structure of γ‐uranyl dihydroxide, UO2(OH)2 , 1972 .

[147]  P. Burns,et al.  SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A NEW Pb URANYL OXIDE HYDRATE WITH A FRAMEWORK STRUCTURE THAT CONTAINS CHANNELS , 2000 .

[148]  P. Burns.  The structure of richetite, a rare lead uranyl oxide hydrate , 1998 .

[149]  P. Burns.  A new complex sheet of uranyl polyhedra in the structure of wölsendorfite , 1999 .

[150]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  Crystal Structure of K[UO2(NO3)3] and Some Features of Compounds M[UO2(NO3)3] (M = K, Rb, and Cs) , 2004 .

[151]  P. Burns,et al.  The structures of becquerelite and Sr-exchanged becquerelite , 2002 .

[152]  M. Gasperin.  Synthèse et structure du borouranate de lithium LiBUO5 , 1990 .

[153]  N. Blaton,et al.  The structure and physicochemical characteristics of synthetic zippeite , 1995 .

[154]  M. R. Lee,et al.  Nouvelle serie d'oxydes derives de la structure de α-U3U8: MIIUMo4O16 , 1987 .

[155]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  A novel open framework uranyl molybdate: synthesis and structure of (NH4)4[(UO2)5(MoO4)7](H2O)5. , 2003, Inorganic chemistry.

[156]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF URANYL MOLYBDATES. VII. AN IRIGINITE-TYPE SHEET OF POLYHEDRA IN THE STRUCTURE OF [(UO2)Mo2O7(H2O)2] , 2002 .

[157]  F. Brandstätter.  Non-stoichiometric, hydrothermally synthesized cliffordite , 1981 .

[158]  R. Ewing,et al.  Description and classification of uranium oxide hydrate sheet anion topologies , 1996 .

[159]  T. Cremers,et al.  Single-crystal structure of lead uranate(VI) , 1986 .

[160]  P. Burns.  A new uranyl oxide hydrate sheet in vandendriesscheite: Implications for mineral paragenesis and the corrosion of spent nuclear fuel , 1997 .

[161]  T. Albrecht‐Schmitt,et al.  Hydrothermal syntheses, structures, and properties of the new uranyl selenites Ag(2)(UO(2))(SeO(3))(2), M[(UO(2))(HSeO(3))(SeO(3))] (M = K, Rb, Cs, Tl), and Pb(UO(2))(SeO(3))(2). , 2002, Inorganic chemistry.

[162]  J. Legros,et al.  Coordination de l'uranium par l'ion germanate. II. Structure du germanate d'uranyle dihydraté (UO2)2GeO4(H2O)2 , 1975 .

[163]  P. Bénard,et al.  U(UO2)(PO4)2, a new mixed-valence uranium orthophosphate : Ab initio structure determination from powder diffraction data and optical and X-ray photoelectron spectra , 1994 .

[164]  Peter C. Burns,et al.  The crystal chemistry of uranium , 1999 .

[165]  P. Burns,et al.  Wyartite: Crystallographic evidence for the first pentavalent-uranium mineral , 1999 .

[166]  M. Gasperin.  Synthèse et structure du borouranate de sodium, NaBUO5 , 1988 .

[167]  T. Albrecht‐Schmitt,et al.  Excision of Uranium Oxide Chains and Ribbons in the Novel One-Dimensional Uranyl Iodates K2[(UO2)3(IO3)4O2] and Ba[(UO2)2(IO3)2O2](H2O) , 2001 .

[168]  P. Burns.  Cs boltwoodite obtained by ion exchange from single crystals: Implications for radionuclide release in a nuclear repository , 1999 .

[169]  C. Frondel.  Systematic mineralogy of uranium and thorium , 1958 .

[170]  Tullio Pilati,et al.  The importance of accurate crystal structure determination of uranium minerals. II. Soddyite (UO2)2(SiO4).2H2O , 1992 .

[171]  H. Effenberger,et al.  Orthowalpurgite, (UO 2 ) Bi 4 O 4 (AsO 4 ) 2 .H 2 O, a new mineral from the Black Forest, Germany , 1995 .

[172]  Structure of uranium(VI) oxide dihydrate, UO32H2O; synthetic meta-schoepite , 2000 .

[173]  R. Ewing,et al.  The crystal structure of ianthinite, [U24+(UO2)4O6(OH)4(H2O)4](H2O)5: a possible phase for Pu4+ incorporation during the oxidation of spent nuclear fuel , 1997 .

[174]  Sergey V. Krivovichev,et al.  Combinatorial topology of salts of inorganic oxoacids: zero-, one- and two-dimensional units with corner-sharing between coordination polyhedra , 2004 .

[175]  B. O. Loopstra.  The structure of -U3O8 , 1970 .

[176]  P. Burns,et al.  A monoclinic polymorph of uranyl dinitrate trihydrate, [UO2(NO3)2(H2O)2].H2O. , 2003, Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications.

[177]  P. Burns,et al.  THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF SYNTHETIC GRIMSELITE, K3Na[(UO2)(CO3)3](H2O) , 2001 .

[178]  P. Burns,et al.  IMPLICATIONS OF THE SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF THE Sr ANALOGUE OF CURITE , 2000 .

[179]  E. Bakker,et al.  Variable dimensionality and new uranium oxide topologies in the alkaline-earth metal uranyl selenites AE[(UO2)(SeO3)2] (AE=Ca, Ba) and Sr[(UO2)(SeO3)2].2H2O , 2002 .

[180]  E. C. Pearcy,et al.  Alteration of uraninite from the Nopal I deposit, Pen˜a Blanca District, Chihuahua, Mexico, compared to degradation of spent nuclear fuel in the proposed U.S. high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada , 1994 .

[181]  P. Burns,et al.  A new uranyl carbonate sheet in the crystal structure of fontanite, Ca[(UO2)3(CO3)2O2](H2O)6 , 2003 .

[182]  P. Dickens,et al.  The structure of δ-UO3 , 1988 .

[183]  P. Piret,et al.  La françoisite-(Nd), nouveau phosphate d'uranyle et de terres rares ; propriétés et structure cristalline , 1988 .

[184]  A. Navrotsky,et al.  Thermodynamics of uranyl minerals: Enthalpies of formation of rutherfordine, UO2CO3, andersonite, Na2CaUO2(CO3)3(H2O)5, and grimselite, K3NaUO2(CO3)3H2O , 2005 .

[185]  N. N. Krot,et al.  Cation—cation interaction in crystalline actinide compounds , 2004 .

[186]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF URANYL MOLYBDATES. IV. THE STRUCTURES OF M2[(UO2)6(MoO4)7(H2O)2] (M = Cs, NH4) , 2001 .

[187]  P. Burns,et al.  SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF A NEW Ca URANYL OXIDE HYDRATE, Ca[(UO2)4O3(OH)4](H2O)2, AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO BECQUERELITE , 2002 .

[188]  P. Burns,et al.  CRYSTAL STRUCTURES AND SYNTHESIS OF THE COPPER-DOMINANT MEMBERS OF THE AUTUNITE AND META-AUTUNITE GROUPS: TORBERNITE, ZEUNERITE, METATORBERNITE AND METAZEUNERITE , 2003 .

[189]  A. Fitch,et al.  The structure of KUO2PO4.3D2O refined from neutron and synchrotron-radiation powder diffraction data , 1991 .

[190]  J. C. Taylor,et al.  The crystal structure of saleeite, Mg[UO2PO4]2 · 10H2O , 1986 .

[191]  P. Burns.  A NEW URANYL SULFATE CHAIN IN THE STRUCTURE OF URANOPILITE , 2001 .

[192]  Robert J. Finch,et al.  The corrosion of uraninite under oxidizing conditions , 1992 .

[193]  P. Burns,et al.  A uranyl sulfate cluster in Na10[(UO2)(SO4)4](SO4)2.3H2O. , 2002, Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications.

[194]  P. Burns,et al.  The crystal structure of synthetic autunite, Ca[(UO2)(PO4)]2(H2O)11 , 2003 .

[195]  P. Burns,et al.  Structures and synthesis of framework Rb and Cs uranyl arsenates and their relationships with their phosphate analogues , 2003 .

[196]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  Synthesis and crystal structure of Li2[(UO2)(MoO4)2], a uranyl molybdate with chains of corner-sharing uranyl square bipyramids and MoO4 tetrahedra , 2003 .

[197]  P. Burns,et al.  A NEW URANYL SHEET IN K5[(UO2)10O8(OH)9](H2O): NEW INSIGHT INTO SHEET ANION-TOPOLOGIES , 2000 .

[198]  P. Piret.  Structure cristalline de la fourmariérite, Pb(UO2)4O3(OH)4.4H2O , 1985 .

[199]  R. Ewing,et al.  The crystal chemistry of hexavalent uranium; polyhedron geometries, bond-valence parameters, and polymerization of polyhedra , 1997 .

[200]  M. Saadi,et al.  Synthesis, crystal structure, and comparison of two new uranyl vanadate layered compounds: M6(UO2)5(VO4)2O5 with M = Na, K , 2000 .

[201]  T. Yamashita.  The crystal structures of a- and -CdUO4 , 1981 .

[202]  L. Kovba,et al.  Crystal Structure of Cu4UO2(MoO4)2(OH)6. , 2010 .

[203]  P. Burns,et al.  The structure of hügelite, an arsenate of the phosphuranylite group, and its relationship to dumontite , 2003, Mineralogical Magazine.

[204]  C. Rüscher,et al.  Structure and Properties of UO2(H2AsO4)2 · H2O , 2000 .

[205]  E. Cordfunke,et al.  Sr3U11O36: Crystal structure and thermal stability , 1991 .

[206]  R. A. Jensen,et al.  Cation-cation interactions between uranyl cations in a polar open-framework uranyl periodate. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[207]  P. Burns,et al.  The role of water in the structures of synthetic hallimondite, Pb2[(UO2)(AsO4)2](H2O)n and synthetic parsonsite, Pb2[(UO2)(PO4)2](H2O)n, 0 ≤ n ≤ 0.5 , 2005 .

[208]  D. Pushcharovsky,et al.  Crystal structure of deloryite, Cu4(UO2)[Mo2O8](OH)6 , 1996 .

[209]  Daniel M. Wells,et al.  Mixed-metal uranium(VI) iodates: hydrothermal syntheses, structures, and reactivity of Rb[UO(2)(CrO(4))(IO(3))(H(2)O)], A(2)[UO(2)(CrO(4))(IO(3))(2)] (A = K, Rb, Cs), and K(2)[UO(2)(MoO(4))(IO(3))(2)]. , 2002, Inorganic chemistry.

[210]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF URANYL MOLYBDATES. III. NEW STRUCTURAL THEMES IN Na6[(UO2)2O(MoO4)4], Na6[(UO2)(MoO4)4] AND K6[(UO2)2O(MoO4)4] , 2001 .

[211]  P. Burns,et al.  Contribution to the mineralogy of acid drainage of Uranium minerals: Marecottite and the zippeite-group , 2003 .

[212]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF URANYL MOLYBDATES. VI. NEW URANYL MOLYBDATE UNITS IN THE STRUCTURES OF Cs4[(UO2)3O(MoO4)2(MoO5)] AND Cs6[(UO2)(MoO4)4] , 2002 .

[213]  E. Cordfunke,et al.  Investigations on cesium uranates—I: Characterization of the phases in the CsUO system , 1976 .

[214]  D. Ijdo.  Redetermination of tristrontium uranate(VI). A Rietveld refinement of neutron powder diffraction data , 1986 .

[215]  G. Scibona,et al.  The Crystal Structure of [(UO2)4Cl2O2(OH)2(H2O)6].4H2O, a Compound Containing a Tetranuclear Aquachlorohydroxooxo Complex of Uranyl(VI). , 1976 .

[216]  A. Perrin.  Preparation, etude structurale et vibrationnelle des complexes M2U2O5Cl4, 2H2O (M = Rb, Cs): Mise en evidence d'un anion tetranucleaire |(UO2)4O2Cl8(H2O)2|4− , 1977 .

[217]  Fereshteh Khosrawan-Sazedj.  The crystal structure of meta-uranocircite II, Ba(UO 2 ) 2 (PO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O , 1982 .

[218]  T. Armbruster,et al.  Spriggite, Pb3[(UO2)6O8(OH)2](H2O)3, a new mineral with β-U3O8–type sheets: Description and crystal structure , 2004 .

[219]  H. Rietveld,et al.  The structure of some alkaline‐earth metal uranates , 1969 .

[220]  Edgar C. Buck,et al.  Oxidative corrosion of spent UO{sub 2} fuel in vapor and dripping groundwater at 90{degree}C. , 1999 .

[221]  M. Saadi,et al.  Synthesis, crystal structure and electrical characterization of two new potassium uranyl molybdates K2(UO2)2(MoO4)O2 and K8(UO2)8(MoO5)3O6 , 2003 .

[222]  T. Pilati,et al.  The importance of accurate crystal structure determination of uranium minerals. I. Phosphuranylite KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4.8H2O , 1991 .

[223]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  Geometrical isomerism in uranyl chromates I. Crystal structures of (UO2)(CrO4)(H2O)2, [(UO2)(CrO4)(H2O)2](H2O) and [(UO2)(CrO4)(H2O)2]4(H2O)9 , 2003 .

[224]  S. Krivovichev,et al.  Synthesis and crystal structure of Zn2[(UO2)3(SeO4)5](H2O)17 , 2005 .

[225]  Fereshteh Khosrawan-Sazedj.  On the Space Group of Threadgoldite , 1982 .

[226]  Peter C Burns,et al.  Actinyl peroxide nanospheres. , 2005, Angewandte Chemie.