Aerodynamics simulations of ground vehicles in unsteady crosswind

Ground vehicles, both on roads or on rail, are sensitive to crosswinds and the handling, travelling speeds or in some cases, safety can be affected. Full modelling of the crosswind stability of a v ...

[1]  F. Uffelmann.  INFLUENCE OF AERODYNAMICS AND SUSPENSION ON THE CROSS-WIND BEHAVIOUR OF PASSENGER CARS - THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION UNDER CONSIDERATION OF THE DRIVER'S RESPONSE , 1985 .

[2]  H. J. Emmelmann,et al.  Theoretical Prediction of the Aerodynamic Derivatives of a Vehicle in Cross Wind Gusts , 1973 .

[3]  Jonas Klasson,et al.  A Generalised Crosswind Model for Vehicle Simulation Purposes , 2002 .

[4]  H. Fernholz.  Boundary Layer Theory , 2001 .

[5]  Martin A. Passmore,et al.  The Effect of Raised Freestream Turbulence on the Flow Around Leading Edge Radii , 2008 .

[6]  Ben Diedrichs.  Studies of Two Aerodynamic Effects on High-Speed Trains : Crosswind Stability and Discomforting Car Body Vibrations Inside Tunnels , 2006 .

[7]  Philippe R. Spalart,et al.  Detached-Eddy Simulations Past a Circular Cylinder , 2000 .

[8]  J. P. Reding,et al.  Fluid mechanics of dynamic stall part I. Unsteady flow concepts , 1988 .

[9]  Kevin Knowles,et al.  The vortex structure behind an Ahmed reference model in the presence of a moving ground plane , 2007 .

[10]  Tristan Favre,et al.  An Assessment of Detached-Eddy Simulations of Unsteady Crosswind Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles , 2011 .

[11]  Makoto Tsubokura,et al.  Computational visualization of unsteady flow around vehicles using high performance computing , 2009 .

[12]  Jeffrey W. Saunders,et al.  On-road Turbulence: Part 2 , 2009 .

[13]  Michel Visonneau,et al.  Cross wind effects on a simplified car model by a DES approach , 2013 .

[14]  Emmanuel Guilmineau,et al.  Computational study of flow around a simplified car body , 2008 .

[15]  P. Spalart,et al.  A New Version of Detached-eddy Simulation, Resistant to Ambiguous Grid Densities , 2006 .

[16]  T. Kármán,et al.  Airfoil Theory for Non-Uniform Motion , 1938 .

[17]  Nikolaus A. Adams,et al.  Experimental Investigation of Unsteady Vehicle Aerodynamics under Time-Dependent Flow Conditions - Part 1 , 2011 .

[18]  P. Spalart,et al.  Physical and Numerical Upgrades in the Detached-Eddy Simulation of Complex Turbulent Flows , 2002 .

[19]  Lars Davidson,et al.  Large-Eddy Simulation of the Flow Around a Simplified High Speed Train Under the Influence of a Cross-Wind , 2005 .

[20]  Jeffrey W. Saunders,et al.  On-road Turbulence , 2008 .

[21]  Magnus Juhlin.  Assessment of crosswind performance of buses , 2009 .

[22]  P. Spalart.  Detached-Eddy Simulation , 2009 .

[23]  Tristan Favre,et al.  Detached-Eddy Simulations Applied to Unsteady Crosswind Aerodynamics of Ground Vehicles , 2010 .

[24]  Anthony G. Ryan.  The simulation of transient cross-wind gusts and their aerodynamic influence on passenger cars. , 2000 .

[25]  Sinisa Krajnovic,et al.  Large eddy simulation of flows around ground vehicles and other bluff bodies , 2009, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[26]  Norman D. Ham,et al.  Dynamic Stall Considerations in Helicopter Rotors , 1968 .

[27]  Brian S. Repa,et al.  The influence of vehicle aerodynamic and control response characteristics on driver-vehicle performance , 1979 .

[28]  E. de Villiers,et al.  Application of Detached-Eddy Simulation for Automotive Aerodynamics Development , 2009 .

[29]  Antonello Cogotti,et al.  Generation of a Controlled Level of Turbulence in the Pininfarina Wind Tunnel for the Measurement of Unsteady Aerodynamics and Aeroacoustics , 2003 .

[30]  Charles Mockett,et al.  A comprehensive study of detached-eddy simulation , 2007 .

[31]  Francis Chometon,et al.  Experimental Study of Unsteady Wakes Behind an Oscillating Car Model , 2005 .

[32]  R. Adrian,et al.  On the relationships between local vortex identification schemes , 2005, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[33]  C. Moulinec,et al.  LES in a U-Bend Pipe Meshed by Polyhedral Cells , 2005 .

[34]  Andrew Chadwick,et al.  Crosswind aerodynamics of sports utility vehicles , 1999 .

[35]  Jeff Howell,et al.  Transient Aerodynamic Characteristics of Simple Vehicle Shapes by the Measurement of Surface Pressures , 2000 .

[36]  Charles C. MacAdam,et al.  Crosswind Sensitivity of Passenger Cars and the Influence of Chassis and Aerodynamic Properties on Driver Preferences , 1990 .

[37]  Gunther Ramm,et al.  Some salient features of the time - averaged ground vehicle wake , 1984 .

[38]  M. Strelets,et al.  Al A A 2001-0879 Detached Eddy Simulation of Massively Separated Flows , 2001 .

[39]  J. Smagorinsky,et al.  GENERAL CIRCULATION EXPERIMENTS WITH THE PRIMITIVE EQUATIONS , 1963 .

[40]  O. Reynolds.  III. An experimental investigation of the circumstances which determine whether the motion of water shall be direct or sinuous, and of the law of resistance in parallel channels , 1883, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.

[41]  W. Hucho,et al.  Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles , 1987 .

[42]  Nikolaus A. Adams,et al.  Experimental Study of On-Road Aerodynamics during Crosswind Gusts , 2010 .

[43]  Tim Lee,et al.  Investigation of flow over an oscillating airfoil , 2004, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[44]  Raffaele Volpe,et al.  Validation d'un banc d'essais reproduisant les rafales de vent sur véhicule terrestre. Caractérisation de l'écoulement par TR-PIV , 2011 .

[45]  Mark K. R. Docton.  The simulation of transient cross winds on passenger vehicles , 1996 .

[46]  Emmanuel Guilmineau,et al.  Numerical simulation with a DES approach for automotive flows , 2011 .

[47]  Jonas Jarlmark.  Driver-vehicle interaction under influence of crosswind gusts , 2002 .

[48]  Dirk Thomas,et al.  Dynamics of a High-Speed Rail Vehicle Negotiating Curves at Unsteady Crosswind , 2010 .

[49]  David Sims-Williams,et al.  Cross Winds and Transients: Reality, Simulation and Effects , 2011 .

[50]  Michael A. Leschziner,et al.  Modelling turbulent separated flow in the context of aerodynamic applications , 2006 .

[51]  K. Squires,et al.  LES and DES investigations of turbulent flow over a sphere , 2000 .

[52]  P. Spalart.  A One-Equation Turbulence Model for Aerodynamic Flows , 1992 .

[53]  James R. Forsythe,et al.  Detached-Eddy Simulation of the Ground Transportation System , 2004 .

[54]  Christopher Baker,et al.  A simplified analysis of various types of wind-induced road vehicle accidents , 1986 .

[55]  P. Spalart.  Comments on the feasibility of LES for wings, and on a hybrid RANS/LES approach , 1997 .

[56]  Ramis Örlü,et al.  Assessment of direct numerical simulation data of turbulent boundary layers , 2010, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[57]  Jeff Howell,et al.  Vortex Drag for a Simple Bluff Body at Incidence in Ground Proximity , 2005 .

[58]  Christopher Baker,et al.  Train aerodynamic forces and moments from moving model experiments , 1986 .

[59]  G. Tomasini,et al.  Crosswind action on rail vehicles: wind tunnel experimental analyses , 2008 .

[60]  R Spalart Philippe,et al.  Young-Person''s Guide to Detached-Eddy Simulation Grids , 2001 .

[61]  Sinisa Krajnovic,et al.  Transient Simulation of the Aerodynamic Response of a Double-Deck Bus in Gusty Winds , 2009 .

[62]  Kevin R. Cooper,et al.  Comparison of quasi-static and dynamic wind tunnel measurements on simplified tractor-trailer models , 1986 .

[63]  Volker E. Renn,et al.  Drag and Driving-Stability-Related Aerodynamic Forces and Their Interdependence-Results of Measurements on 3/8-Scale Basic Car Shapes , 1986 .