Biomechanical investigations of the secondary stability of commercial short dental implants in porcine ribs

Abstract The use of short implants has increased widely within the last years. However, the stability of these implants has not yet been comprehensively investigated, in particular the difference in geometry and dimension of short implants. The aim of the present study was to investigate experimentally the difference of the secondary stability of different commercial short implants by measuring their displacements. Eleven implant geometries were investigated in this study. A total of 22 implants were inserted in porcine rib segments, two implants for each system. Implant displacements were measured using a self-developed biomechanical hexapod measurement system (HexMeS). The highest displacement was observed with Straumann BL NC 3.3×8.0 mm (266 μm), followed by Straumann Standard 4.1×6.0 mm (156 μm), while the lowest displacement of 61 μm was shown by Dentaurum type 1 implant (4.2×5.0 mm). No obvious difference of displacements was observed between hammered and screw-shaped implants with relevant dimensions. The experimental results were in good agreement with the numerical ones (19–42%) for Dentaurum implants. However, a difference of 70–80% was obtained for the Astra implant (4.0×6.0 mm) and Bicon implant (6.0×5.7 mm). The geometry of short implants directly affects their stability within the bone.

[1]  M. Quirynen,et al.  Biologic outcome of implant-supported restorations in the treatment of partial edentulism. Part 2: a longitudinal radiographic study. , 2002, Clinical oral implants research.

[2]  M. Dard,et al.  Experimental Model for Bone Regeneration in Oral and Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery , 2014, Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research.

[3]  N. van Assche,et al.  Extra short dental implants supporting an overdenture in the edentulous maxilla: a proof of concept. , 2012, Clinical oral implants research.

[4]  Arjan Vissink,et al.  A systematic review of the prognosis of short (<10 mm) dental implants placed in the partially edentulous patient. , 2011, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[5]  T. Gedrange,et al.  Immediate loading of an implant with fine threaded neck – bone resorption and clinical outcome of single tooth restorations in the maxilla , 2012, Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering.

[6]  T. Griffin,et al.  The use of short, wide implants in posterior areas with reduced bone height: a retrospective investigation. , 2004, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[7]  Caterina Venuleo,et al.  Long term bone level stability on Short Implants: A radiographic follow up study , 2008 .

[8]  S. Parithimarkalaignan,et al.  Osseointegration: An Update , 2013, Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society.

[9]  J. Bernard,et al.  Osseointegration of Brånemark fixtures using a single-step operating technique. A preliminary prospective one-year study in the edentulous mandible. , 1995, Clinical oral implants research.

[10]  Young-Kyun Kim,et al.  One-Year Prospective Study of 7-mm-Long Implants in the Mandible: Installation Technique and Crown/Implant Ratio of 1.5 or Less. , 2015, The Journal of oral implantology.

[11]  C. Bourauel,et al.  Clinical, biomechanical and biological aspects of immediately loaded dental implants: a critical review of the literature , 2010, Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering.

[12]  F. Renouard,et al.  Short implants in the severely resorbed maxilla: a 2-year retrospective clinical study. , 2005, Clinical implant dentistry and related research.

[13]  Sungtae Kim,et al.  Multifactorial evaluation of implant failure: a 19-year retrospective study. , 2014, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[14]  U. Lekholm,et al.  Oral implant treatment in posterior partially edentulous jaws: a 5-year follow-up report. , 1993, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[15]  T. Närhi,et al.  Treatment of the atrophic edentulous maxilla with implant-supported overdentures: a review of the literature. , 1998, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[16]  G. Orive,et al.  Long-term retrospective evaluation of short implants in the posterior areas: clinical results after 10-12 years. , 2014, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[17]  M. Quirynen,et al.  Biologic outcome of implant-supported restorations in the treatment of partial edentulism. part I: a longitudinal clinical evaluation. , 2002, Clinical oral implants research.

[18]  Friedhelm Heinemann,et al.  Biomechanical finite element analysis of small diameter and short dental implants: extensive study of commercial implants , 2012, Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering.

[19]  P. Fugazzotto.  Shorter implants in clinical practice: rationale and treatment results. , 2008, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[20]  C. Bourauel,et al.  Load transfer by fine threading the implant neck--a FEM study. , 2009, Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society.

[21]  D. Madjar,et al.  Maxillary sinus pneumatization following extractions: a radiographic study. , 2008, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[22]  R. Jaffin,et al.  The excessive loss of Branemark fixtures in type IV bone: a 5-year analysis. , 1991, Journal of periodontology.

[23]  H. Frost.  Bone “mass” and the “mechanostat”: A proposal , 1987, The Anatomical record.

[24]  J. Bernard,et al.  A 7-year life table analysis from a prospective study on ITI implants with special emphasis on the use of short implants. Results from a private practice. , 2004, Clinical oral implants research.