A novel cellular automata based technique for visual multimedia content encryption

Abstract This paper proposes a new method for visual multimedia content encryption using Cellular Automata (CA). The encryption scheme is based on the application of an attribute of the CLF XOR filter, according to which the original content of a cellular neighborhood can be reconstructed following a predetermined number of repeated applications of the filter. The encryption is achieved using a key image of the same dimensions as the image being encrypted. This technique is accompanied by the one-time pad (OTP) encryption method, rendering the proposed method reasonably powerful, given the very large number of resultant potential security keys. The method presented here makes encryption possible in cases where there is more than one image with the use of just one key image. A further significant characteristic of the proposed method is that it demonstrates how techniques from the field of image retrieval can be used in the field of image encryption. The proposed method is further strengthened by the fact that the resulting encrypted image for a given key image is different each time. The encryption result depends on the structure of an artificial image produced by the superposition of four 1-D CA time–space diagrams as well as from a CA random number generator. A semi-blind source separation algorithm is used to decrypt the encrypted image. The result of the decryption is a lossless representation of the encrypted image. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed encryption method. The proposed method is implemented in C# and is available online through the img(Rummager) application.

[1]  V. Chandrasekaran,et al.  Integrated Confusion-Diffusion Mechanisms for Chaos Based Image Encryption , 2008, 2008 IEEE 8th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology Workshops.

[2]  Georgios Ch. Sirakoulis,et al.  A CAD system for the construction and VLSI implementation of Cellular Automata algorithms using VHDL , 2003, Microprocess. Microsystems.

[3]  Ioannis G. Karafyllidis,et al.  Study of lithography profiles developed on non-planar Si surfaces , 1999 .

[4]  Yiannis S. Boutalis,et al.  Accurate Image Retrieval Based on Compact Composite Descriptors and Relevance Feedback Information , 2010, Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell..

[5]  Basil G. Mertzios,et al.  Applications of coordinate logic filters in image analysis and pattern recognition , 2001, ISPA 2001. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis. In conjunction with 23rd International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces (IEEE Cat..

[6]  Zengqiang Chen,et al.  A new image encryption algorithm based on hyper-chaos , 2008 .

[7]  Olu Lafe Data compression and encryption using cellular automata transforms , 1997 .

[8]  Andrew Adamatzky,et al.  Identification of Cellular Automata , 2018, Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science.

[9]  Stephen Wolfram,et al.  Universality and complexity in cellular automata , 1983 .

[10]  Talya Porat,et al.  Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) , 2007 .

[11]  G. Sirakoulis,et al.  A cellular automaton model for the effects of population movement and vaccination on epidemic propagation , 2000 .

[12]  Santanu Chattopadhyay,et al.  Cellular Automata-Based Recursive Pseudoexhaustive Test Pattern Generator , 2001, IEEE Trans. Computers.

[13]  R. Feynman Simulating physics with computers , 1999 .

[14]  Georgios Ch. Sirakoulis,et al.  A TCAD system for VLSI implementation of the CVD process using VHDL , 2004, Integr..

[15]  G. G. Stokes "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[16]  Shutian Liu,et al.  Image sharing scheme based on combination theory , 2008 .

[17]  Yiannis S. Boutalis,et al.  CEDD: Color and Edge Directivity Descriptor: A Compact Descriptor for Image Indexing and Retrieval , 2008, ICVS.

[18]  John von Neumann,et al.  Theory Of Self Reproducing Automata , 1967 .

[19]  上野 文男,et al.  2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2006) , 2007 .

[20]  S. Omohundro Modelling cellular automata with partial differential equations , 1984 .

[21]  Ioannis G. Karafyllidis,et al.  A methodology for VLSI implementation of Cellular Automata algorithms using VHDL , 2001 .

[22]  Tughrul Arslan,et al.  IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2005) , 2005 .

[23]  James Ze Wang,et al.  SIMPLIcity: Semantics-Sensitive Integrated Matching for Picture LIbraries , 2001, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[24]  B. K. Panigrahi,et al.  ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE , 2010 .

[25]  V. Paxson,et al.  Notices of the American Mathematical Society , 1998 .

[26]  Alfred Menezes,et al.  Handbook of Applied Cryptography , 2018 .

[27]  Josef Scharinger Fast encryption of image data using chaotic Kolmogorov flows , 1998, J. Electronic Imaging.

[28]  Chang-Mok Shin,et al.  Image encryption using modified exclusive-OR rules and phase-wrapping technique , 2005 .

[29]  S. L. Gilbert,et al.  NIST Special Publication 260-133 2001 Edition , 2001 .

[30]  John B. Shoven,et al.  I , Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal.

[31]  Kuo-Liang Chung,et al.  Large encrypting binary images with higher security , 1998, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[32]  염흥렬,et al.  [서평]「Applied Cryptography」 , 1997 .

[33]  Nikolaos G. Bourbakis,et al.  Picture data encryption using scan patterns , 1992, Pattern Recognit..

[34]  Jui-Lin Lai,et al.  Image security system using recursive cellular automata substitution , 2007, Pattern Recognit..

[35]  Albert Y. Zomaya,et al.  Cellular automata computations and secret key cryptography , 2004, Parallel Comput..

[36]  Bialynicki-Birula Weyl, Dirac, and Maxwell equations on a lattice as unitary cellular automata. , 1994, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[37]  Bruce D. Malamud,et al.  Cellular-automata models applied to natural hazards , 2000, Comput. Sci. Eng..

[39]  Bastien Chopard,et al.  Cellular Automata Modeling of Physical Systems: Index , 1998 .

[40]  Panagiotis Tzionas,et al.  A cellular automaton for the determination of the mean velocity of moving objects and its VLSI implementation , 1996, Pattern Recognit..