Steam and Oxyhydrogen Addition Influence on Energy Usage by Range Extender—Battery Electric Vehicles

The objective of this paper is to illustrate the benefits of the influence of the steam and oxyhydrogen gas (HHO) on the composition of emitted exhaust gases and energy usage of operating the internal combustion engine (ICE) that drives a generator-powered battery electric vehicle (BEV). The employed internal combustion generating sets can be used as trailer mounted electric energy sources allowing one to increase the range of BEV vehicles, mainly during long distance travel between cities. The basic configurations of hybrid and electric propulsion systems used in a given Electric Vehicles (xEV) includes all types of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (xHEV) and Battery Electric Vehicles (xBEV), which are discussed. Using the data collected during traction tests in real road traffic (an electric car with a trailer range extender (RE) fitted with ICE generators (5 kW petrol, 6.5 kW diesel), a mathematical model was developed in the Modelica package. The elaborated mathematical model takes into account the dynamic loads acting on the set of vehicles in motion and the electric drive system assisted by the work of RE. Conducted tests with steam and HHO additives for ICE have shown reduced (5–10%) fuel consumption and emissions (3–19%) of harmful gases into the atmosphere.

[1]  Sousso Kelouwani,et al.  Improving Efficiency Through Adaptive Internal Model Control of Hydrogen-Based Genset Used as a Range Extender for Electric Vehicles , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[2]  Mario Marchesoni,et al.  Advantages of Using Supercapacitors and Silicon Carbide on Hybrid Vehicle Series Architecture , 2017 .

[3]  Yanjun Huang,et al.  Research on a Novel Hydraulic/Electric Synergy Bus , 2017 .

[4]  José María López Martínez,et al.  Design and Simulation of a Powertrain System for a Fuel Cell Extended Range Electric Golf Car , 2018, Energies.

[5]  Kangyao Deng,et al.  Thermodynamic and experimental researches on matching strategies of the pre-turbine steam injection and the Miller cycle applied on a turbocharged diesel engine , 2017 .

[6]  Kebin He,et al.  Life-cycle assessment of greenhouse gas and air emissions of electric vehicles: A comparison between China and the U.S. , 2015 .

[7]  Piotr Paplicki,et al.  Comparative research of different structures of a permanent-magnet excited synchronous machine for electric vehicles , 2012 .

[8]  Dilara Panagiota,et al.  Individual mobility: From conventional to electric cars , 2015 .

[9]  G. Li,et al.  Unit commitment problem of power system with plug-in electric vehicles , 2012 .

[10]  J. Frýbort.  Equilibrium thorium fuel loading in VVER-1000 reactor , 2014, Proceedings of the 2014 15th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE).

[11]  Takashi Hirano,et al.  Effect of climate warming on the annual terrestrial net ecosystem CO2 exchange globally in the boreal and temperate regions , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[12]  Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban,et al.  A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development , 2017 .

[13]  Y. Eldrainy,et al.  Effect of hydroxy (HHO) gas addition on gasoline engine performance and emissions , 2016 .

[14]  Mahdi Shahbakhti,et al.  Fuel consumption assessment of a multi-mode low temperature combustion engine as range extender for an electric vehicle , 2017 .

[15]  Piotr Jankowski,et al.  Suitability study of hybrid model of electrodynamic actuator , 2014 .

[16]  J. Mindykowski,et al.  Coordination of operations in registration channel of data from electrical power system , 2017 .

[17]  Sidharta Gautama,et al.  Forecasting the State of Health of Electric Vehicle Batteries to Evaluate the Viability of Car Sharing Practices , 2016 .

[18]  Richard Turkson,et al.  Water injection for higher engine performance and lower emissions , 2017 .

[19]  E. Tomita,et al.  Improvement of thermal efficiency and reduction of NOx emissions by burning a controlled jet plume in high-pressure direct-injection hydrogen engines , 2017 .

[20]  Janusz Mindykowski,et al.  Measurement of quantities characterizing the properties of an inductive dynamic drive , 2012 .

[21]  Piotr Czech.  Diagnosing a Car Engine Fuel Injectors' Damage , 2013, TST.

[22]  Rachana Vidhi,et al.  A Review of Electric Vehicle Lifecycle Emissions and Policy Recommendations to Increase EV Penetration in India , 2018 .

[23]  Felix Leach,et al.  A Review of Particulate Number (PN) Emissions from Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines and Their Control Techniques , 2018, Energies.

[24]  Baohua Li,et al.  State of the Art of Lithium-Ion Battery SOC Estimation for Electrical Vehicles , 2018, Energies.

[25]  Panagiotis Grammelis.  Energy, Transportation and Global Warming , 2016 .

[26]  Brian Bush,et al.  Modeling Hydrogen Refueling Infrastructure to Support Passenger Vehicles , 2018 .

[27]  Joeri Van Mierlo,et al.  Impacts of electricity mix, charging profile, and driving behavior on the emissions performance of battery electric vehicles: A Belgian case study , 2015 .

[28]  Tong Liu,et al.  Jerk Analysis of a Power-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on a Data-Driven Vehicle Dynamics Model , 2018, Energies.

[29]  Datong Qin,et al.  Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Driving Condition Identification Using KGA-Means , 2018, Energies.