Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment: Overarching Issues and Overview

The pharmaceutical and consumer healthcare industries recognize the concerns raised by stakeholders regarding the presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment (PIE) and personal care products in the environment (PCPE). The major source of pharmaceuticals entering the environment is via patient excretion following use of medicine that is taken to prevent, cure or alleviate a medical condition. A comparatively smaller contribution to PIE stems from emissions resulting from the manufacturing process and from improper disposal of medications. The major source of personal care products entering the environment is via use of products and removal from the body during bathing activities.

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