Full-wavefield marine survey design using all multiples

ABSTRACTDespite a tremendous leap in efficiency and wavefield sampling over the past two decades, it is sometimes still difficult to achieve adequate coverage and resolution with marine streamer acquisition. It is therefore necessary to carefully study the acquisition geometry, especially with respect to resolution and image quality in the crossline direction. We have extended the existing focal beam method to analyze marine streamer geometries with and without using all multiples. The focal beam analysis method provides a direct link between the acquisition parameters at the surface (number of sources, source locations, number of detectors, detector locations, and which sources are sensed by which detectors) and the image quality at a target location in the subsurface. We have further derived the concept of weighted focal beams to assess the angular aperture available for a specific acquisition configuration at the considered depth point. So far, this method has only addressed illumination by primaries. ...

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