Representing spatial location and layout from sparse kinesthetic contacts.

Participants' fingers were guided to 2 locations on a table for 3 s, then back to the start. They reported distances and angles between the locations by (a) replacing 1 or 2 fingers, (b) translating the contacted configuration, or (c) estimating distance or angle alone. Distance error increased across these conditions. Angular error increased when the angular reference axis was rotated before the response. Replacing 1 finger was impaired by a change in posture from exposure to test. The results suggest a kinesthetic representation is used to replace the fingers, but to estimate distance and angle at new locations, a configural representation is computed. This presentation is oriented within an extrinsic reference frame and maintains shape more accurately than scale.

[1]  S. Millar.  Understanding and Representing Space: Theory and Evidence from Studies with Blind and Sighted Children , 1994 .

[2]  M. Flanders,et al.  Errors in kinesthetic transformations for hand apposition , 1994, Neuroreport.

[3]  G E Stelmach,et al.  Spatial orientation of a limb using egocentric reference points , 1982, Perception & psychophysics.

[4]  C. Gielen,et al.  Separate control of arm position and velocity demonstrated by vibration of muscle tendon in man , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[5]  R L Klatzky,et al.  Spatial and movement-based heuristics for encoding pattern information through touch. , 1985, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[6]  Marcia Kilchenman O'Malley,et al.  Comparison of human haptic size identification and discrimination performance in real and simulated environments , 2002, Proceedings 10th Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems. HAPTICS 2002.

[7]  David A. Rosenbaum,et al.  Remembered positions: stored locations or stored postures? , 1999, Experimental Brain Research.

[8]  Slobodan Jaric,et al.  The effects of practice on movement distance and final position reproduction: implications for the equilibrium-point control of movements , 1994, Experimental Brain Research.

[9]  Anne C. Sittig,et al.  The precision of proprioceptive position sense , 1998, Experimental Brain Research.

[10]  F A Mussa-Ivaldi,et al.  Haptic interaction with virtual objects. Spatial perception and motor control. , 2000, Biological cybernetics.

[11]  Y Laufer,et al.  Accuracy of reproducing hand position when using active compared with passive movement. , 2001, Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy.

[12]  S. Freedman.  The Neuropsychology of spatially oriented behavior , 1968 .

[13]  J. Loomis,et al.  Visual space perception and visually directed action. , 1992, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[14]  R L Klatzky,et al.  Path completion after haptic exploration without vision: Implications for haptic spatial representations , 1999, Perception & psychophysics.

[15]  Frank Tendick,et al.  Haptic guidance: experimental evaluation of a haptic training method for a perceptual motor skill , 2002, Proceedings 10th Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems. HAPTICS 2002.

[16]  Stephen A. Wallace,et al.  A TEST OF THE TARGET HYPOTHESIS , 2013 .

[17]  J. Edward Colgate,et al.  Haptic interfaces for virtual environment and teleoperator systems , 1995 .

[18]  M. Smyth,et al.  4 – Memory for Movements , 1984 .

[19]  L. Marks,et al.  Haptic perception of linear extent , 1999, Perception & psychophysics.

[20]  Susan J. Lederman,et al.  Perception of interpolated position and orientation by vision and active touch , 1969 .

[21]  Susan J. Lederman,et al.  Exploring Environments by Hand or Foot: Time-Based Heuristics for Encoding Distance in Movement Space , 1987 .

[22]  L. Hedges,et al.  Categories and particulars: prototype effects in estimating spatial location. , 1991, Psychological review.

[23]  A. Gordon,et al.  Contribution of tactile information to accuracy in pointing movements , 2001, Experimental Brain Research.

[24]  C. Gielen,et al.  The contribution of afferent information on position and velocity to the control of slow and fast human forearm movements , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[25]  S J Lederman,et al.  Exploring environments by hand or foot: time-based heuristics for encoding distance in movement space. , 1987, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[26]  P Viviani,et al.  Pointing to Kinesthetic Targets in Space , 1998, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[27]  M. Brambring.  The structure of haptic space in the blind and sighted , 1976, Psychological research.

[28]  Roberta L. Klatzky,et al.  Allocentric and Egocentric Spatial Representations: Definitions, Distinctions, and Interconnections , 1998, Spatial Cognition.

[29]  Massimo Bergamasco,et al.  Teaching to write Japanese characters using a haptic interface , 2002, Proceedings 10th Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems. HAPTICS 2002.

[30]  S Millar,et al.  Spatial representation by blind and sighted children. , 1976, Journal of experimental child psychology.

[31]  A. Wing,et al.  The Psychology of human movement , 1984 .

[32]  J. Paillard,et al.  Active and passive movements in the calibration of position sense , 1968 .