Mechanical stability of Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch: an analysis of tree-pulling experiments in Finland

[1]  E. K. Kalela Männiköiden ja kuusikoiden juurisuhteista I. , 1949 .

[2]  A. I. Fraser,et al.  The Soil and Roots as Factors in Tree Stability , 1962 .

[3]  P. Hakkila Mechanized harvesting of stumps and roots. A sub project of the joint Nordic research programme for the utilization of logging residues. , 1972 .

[4]  H. R. Oliver,et al.  Wind Measurements in a Pine Forest During a Destructive Gale , 1974 .

[5]  J. Petty,et al.  Stability of Coniferous Tree Stems in Relation to Damage by Snow , 1981 .

[6]  J. A. Petty,et al.  Factors influencing stem breakage of conifers in high winds , 1985 .

[7]  F. Helles,et al.  Windthrow probability as a function of stand characteristics and shelter , 1986 .

[8]  M. P. Coutts,et al.  Components of tree stability in Sitka Spruce on peaty gley soil , 1986 .

[9]  M. Cannell,et al.  Structural analysis of tree trunks and branches: tapered cantilever beams subject to large deflections under complex loading. , 1987, Tree physiology.

[10]  M. Watts,et al.  Mechanical stability of black spruce in the clay belt region of northern Ontario , 1987 .

[11]  L. Bondesson,et al.  Assessing the Risk of Snow and Wind Damage from Tree Physical Characteristics , 1993 .

[12]  Leif Martin Schroeder,et al.  Attacks of bark- and wood-boring Coleoptera on snow-broken conifers over a two-year period. , 1993 .

[13]  H. Peltola,et al.  A mechanistic model for calculating windthrow and stem breakage of Scots pines at stand age. , 1993 .

[14]  Roy L. Hedden,et al.  Testing loblolly pine wind firmness with simulated wind stress , 1993 .

[15]  R. Solantie Effect of weather and climatological background on snow damage of forests in Southern Finland in November 1991. , 1994 .

[16]  Barry Gardiner,et al.  Wind flows and forces in a model spruce forest , 1994 .

[17]  Barry Gardiner,et al.  Wind and wind forces in a plantation spruce forest , 1994 .

[18]  Studies on the mechanism of wind-induced damage of Scots pine , 1995 .

[19]  C. Wood,et al.  Wind and Trees: Understanding wind forces on trees , 1995 .

[20]  J. Grace,et al.  Wind and Trees: Tree physiological responses , 1995 .

[21]  M. Rodgers,et al.  Wind and Trees: An experimental investigation of the effects of dynamic loading on coniferous trees planted on wet mineral soils , 1995 .

[22]  H. Peltola Swaying of trees in response to wind and thinning in a stand of Scots pine , 1996 .

[23]  B. Gardiner,et al.  Field and wind tunnel assessments of the implications of respacing and thinning for tree stability , 1997 .

[24]  Heli Peltola,et al.  Factors affecting snow damage of trees with particular reference to European conditions. , 1997 .

[25]  A. J. G. Papesch,et al.  MECHANICAL STABILITY OF PINUS RADIATA TREES AT EYREWELL FOREST INVESTIGATED USING STATIC TESTS , 1997 .

[26]  Duncan Ray,et al.  The effect of soil water-table depth on root-plate development and stability of Sitka spruce , 1998 .

[27]  H. Peltola,et al.  A mechanistic model for assessing the risk of wind and snow damage to single trees and stands of Scots pine, Norway spruce, and birch , 1999 .