Molecular and cellular aspects of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor.

I. Introduction THE insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their receptors and binding proteins constitute a family of cellular modulators that play essential roles in the regulation of growth and development. The IGF ligands include three structurally related peptides: insulin, IGF-I, and IGF-II. Unlike insulin, IGF-I and IGF-II are expressed ubiquitously, albeit in a highly regulated manner (see reviews in Refs. 1-5). The biological functions of the IGFs are mediated by a family of transmembrane receptors, which includes the insulin, IGF-I, and IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate (M-6-P) receptors. While the IGF-I receptor is the primary mediator of IGF action, the insulin and IGF-II/M-6-P receptors may also mediate some of these functions (Fig. 1) (6, 7). The biological actions of the IGFs are modulated by a family of at least six IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) that are found in the circulation and in extracellular compartments and are produced by most tissues. The IGFBPs are capable of inhibiting or enhancing I...

[1]  J. Swantek,et al.  Dissociation of mitogenesis and transforming activity by C-terminal truncation of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor. , 1995, Experimental cell research.

[2]  A. Saltiel,et al.  Expression of catalytically inactive Syp phosphatase in 3T3 cells blocks stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase by insulin. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[3]  S. Shoelson,et al.  Syp (SH-PTP2) is a positive mediator of growth factor-stimulated mitogenic signal transduction. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[4]  F. Giorgino,et al.  cDNA cloning of the rat IGF I receptors: structural analysis of rat and human IGF I and insulin receptors reveals differences in alternative splicing and receptor-specific domain conservation. , 1994, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[5]  D. Coppola,et al.  A functional insulin-like growth factor I receptor is required for the mitogenic and transforming activities of the epidermal growth factor receptor , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[6]  G. Lienhard,et al.  Dephosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 by the tyrosine phosphatase PTP2C. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[7]  T Pawson,et al.  Direct interaction between Shc and the platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[8]  C. Roberts,et al.  Role of the carboxyl-terminal domains of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor I receptors in receptor function. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[9]  J. Olefsky,et al.  Evidence for a functional role of Shc proteins in mitogenic signaling induced by insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and epidermal growth factor. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[10]  M. Barinaga.  Neurotrophic factors enter the clinic. , 1994, Science.

[11]  C. Walsh,et al.  Activation of the SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase, SH-PTP2, by phosphotyrosine-containing peptides derived from insulin receptor substrate-1. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[12]  F. Grigorescu,et al.  Involvement of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase in insulin‐ or IGF‐1‐induced membrane ruffling. , 1994, The EMBO journal.

[13]  S. Melmed,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor-1 activation of extracellular signal-related kinase-1 and -2 in growth hormone-secreting cells. , 1994, Molecular endocrinology.

[14]  D. Cooke,et al.  The 5′-untranslated region of the IGF-I receptor gene modulates reporter gene expression by both pre- and post-transcriptional mechanisms , 1994, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.

[15]  V. Sukhatme,et al.  Transcriptional repression of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-I-R) gene by the tumor suppressor WT1 involves binding to sequences both upstream and downstream of the IGF-I-R gene transcription start site. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[16]  M. Kasuga,et al.  Insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of Tyr538 and the catalytic activity of PTP1C, a protein tyrosine phosphatase with Src homology-2 domains. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[17]  S. Melmed,et al.  Human insulin-like growth factor I receptor internalization. Role of the juxtamembrane domain. , 1994, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[18]  M. Kasuga,et al.  Substitution of glutamine for arginine 1131. A newly identified mutation in the catalytic loop of the tyrosine kinase domain of the human insulin receptor. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[19]  E. Van Obberghen,et al.  Signal transduction by a chimeric insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor having the carboxyl-terminal domain of the insulin receptor. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[20]  J. Olefsky,et al.  Shc is the predominant signaling molecule coupling insulin receptors to activation of guanine nucleotide releasing factor and p21ras-GTP formation. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[21]  B. Neel,et al.  SH-PTP2/Syp SH2 domain binding specificity is defined by direct interactions with platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, and insulin receptor substrate-1-derived phosphopeptides. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[22]  H. Werner,et al.  Platelet-derived growth factor increases the activity of the promoter of the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor gene. , 1994, Experimental cell research.

[23]  R. Furlanetto,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor-I induces cyclin-D1 expression in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells in vitro. , 1994, Molecular endocrinology.

[24]  T Pawson,et al.  Specific motifs recognized by the SH2 domains of Csk, 3BP2, fps/fes, GRB-2, HCP, SHC, Syk, and Vav , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[25]  K. Stevenson,et al.  Localization of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and -II messenger ribonucleic acid and type 1 IGF receptors in the ovine uterus during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. , 1994, Endocrinology.

[26]  G. Condorelli,et al.  Two alternatively spliced forms of the human insulin-like growth factor I receptor have distinct biological activities and internalization kinetics. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[27]  H. Bourne,et al.  cAMP and beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in COS-7 cells. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[28]  S. Asa,et al.  Dominant negative inhibition of tumorigenesis in vivo by human insulin-like growth factor I receptor mutant. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[29]  J. Rehfeld,et al.  Insulin‐like growth factor II mRNA, peptides, and receptors in a thoracopulmonary malignant small round cell tumor , 1994, Cancer.

[30]  M. Rubini,et al.  The role of the IGF‐I receptor in the growth and transformation of mammalian cells , 1994, Cell proliferation.

[31]  J. Olefsky,et al.  NPXY motif in the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor is required for efficient ligand-mediated receptor internalization and biological signaling. , 1994, Endocrinology.

[32]  J. Pelletier,et al.  Human osteoarthritic chondrocytes possess an increased number of insulin-like growth factor 1 binding sites but are unresponsive to its stimulation. Possible role of IGF-1-binding proteins. , 1994, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[33]  J. Ketelslegers,et al.  Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors. , 1994, Endocrine reviews.

[34]  L. Wang,et al.  Ala-->Gly mutation in the putative catalytic loop confers temperature sensitivity on Ros, insulin receptor, and insulin-like growth factor I receptor protein-tyrosine kinases. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[35]  P. Anversa,et al.  Upregulation of IGF1, IGF1‐receptor, and late growth related genes in ventricular myocytes acutely after infarction in rats , 1994, Journal of cellular physiology.

[36]  Jonathan A. Cooper,et al.  A new function for a phosphotyrosine phosphatase: linking GRB2-Sos to a receptor tyrosine kinase , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[37]  Mark S. Boguski,et al.  Proteins regulating Ras and its relatives , 1993, Nature.

[38]  R. Mooney,et al.  Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase by platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 is inhibited by a transmembrane phosphotyrosine phosphatase. , 1993, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[39]  Y. Fujita-Yamaguchi,et al.  Characterization of human placental insulin-like growth factor-I/insulin hybrid receptors by protein microsequencing and purification. , 1993, Biochemistry.

[40]  A. Kumar,et al.  Distribution and relevance of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor in metanephric development. , 1993, Kidney international.

[41]  M. White,et al.  Pleiotropic insulin signals are engaged by multisite phosphorylation of IRS-1 , 1993, Molecular and cellular biology.

[42]  J. Ryan,et al.  Determination of the histological distribution of insulin like growth factor 1 receptors in the rat gut. , 1993, Gut.

[43]  M. Rubini,et al.  Simian virus 40 large tumor antigen is unable to transform mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[44]  M. Hiroe,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor I receptors in human cardiac myocytes and their relation to myocardial hypertrophy. , 1993, Japanese circulation journal.

[45]  P. Dent,et al.  Inhibition of the EGF-activated MAP kinase signaling pathway by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. , 1993, Science.

[46]  S. Cook,et al.  Inhibition by cAMP of Ras-dependent activation of Raf. , 1993, Science.

[47]  S. Gammeltoft,et al.  Structure-function relationship of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor tyrosine kinase. , 1993, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[48]  C. Roberts,et al.  Expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II and the IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin receptor genes and localization of the gene products in the human ovary. , 1993, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[49]  J. Bos,et al.  cAMP antagonizes p21ras‐directed activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 2 and phosphorylation of mSos nucleotide exchange factor. , 1993, The EMBO journal.

[50]  J. Lawrence,et al.  Increasing cAMP attenuates activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[51]  L. Wang,et al.  Distinctive effects of the carboxyl-terminal sequence of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor on its signaling functions , 1993, Journal of virology.

[52]  L. Giudice,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor (IGF), IGF binding protein (IGFBP), and IGF receptor gene expression and IGFBP synthesis in human uterine leiomyomata. , 1993, Human reproduction.

[53]  K. Heidenreich,et al.  Protein phosphatase-1 and -2a activities in cultured fetal chick neurons: differential regulation by insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I. , 1993, Endocrinology.

[54]  E. Krebs,et al.  Protein kinase A antagonizes platelet-derived growth factor-induced signaling by mitogen-activated protein kinase in human arterial smooth muscle cells. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[55]  C. Bondy,et al.  Anatomy of the insulin-like growth factor system in the human testis. , 1993, Fertility and sterility.

[56]  A. Kumar,et al.  Cloning of cDNA for the alpha subunit of mouse insulin-like growth factor I receptor and the role of the receptor in metanephric development. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[57]  T. Alexandrides,et al.  Evidence for two insulin-like growth factor I receptors with distinct primary structure that are differentially expressed during development , 1993, Regulatory Peptides.

[58]  C. Walsh,et al.  Activation of the SH2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase SH-PTP2 by its binding site, phosphotyrosine 1009, on the human platelet-derived growth factor receptor. , 1993, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[59]  J. Baker,et al.  Mice carrying null mutations of the genes encoding insulin-like growth factor I (Igf-1) and type 1 IGF receptor (Igf1r) , 1993, Cell.

[60]  Elizabeth J. Robertson,et al.  Role of insulin-like growth factors in embryonic and postnatal growth , 1993, Cell.

[61]  X. Xia,et al.  Inhibition of colony-stimulating factor-1 promoter activity by the product of the Wilms' tumor locus. , 1993, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[62]  J. Livingston,et al.  Distinct beta-subunits are present in hybrid insulin-like-growth-factor-1 receptors in the central nervous system. , 1993, The Biochemical journal.

[63]  S. Melmed,et al.  Rat pituitary GC cell insulin-like growth factor-I receptor regulation. , 1993, Endocrinology.

[64]  J. Arezzo,et al.  The Use of Insulin‐like Growth Factor I in the Prevention of Vincristine Neuropathy in Mice , 1993, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[65]  G. Schultz,et al.  Expression of IGF ligand and receptor genes during preimplantation mammalian development , 1993, Molecular reproduction and development.

[66]  R. Garofalo,et al.  A developmentally regulated form of insulin-like growth factor receptor beta-subunit in C2 myoblasts exhibiting altered requirements for differentiation. , 1993, Endocrinology.

[67]  K. Heidenreich.  Insulin and IGF‐I Receptor Signaling in Cultured Neurons a , 1993, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[68]  G. Glazner,et al.  Regulation of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration by Insulin‐like Growth Factors a , 1993, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[69]  C. Crews,et al.  Extracellular signals and reversible protein phosphorylation: What to Mek of it all , 1993, Cell.

[70]  R. Roth,et al.  Insulin receptor-related receptor messenger ribonucleic acid is focally expressed in sympathetic and sensory neurons and renal distal tubule cells. , 1993, Endocrinology.

[71]  T Pawson,et al.  SH2 and SH3 domains , 1993, Current Biology.

[72]  V. Sukhatme,et al.  Increased expression of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene, IGF1R, in Wilms tumor is correlated with modulation of IGF1R promoter activity by the WT1 Wilms tumor gene product. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[73]  T. Pawson,et al.  The insulin receptor substrate 1 associates with the SH2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase Syp. , 1993, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[74]  Amy Bernard,et al.  Physical and functional interaction between WT1 and p53 proteins. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[75]  D. Bar-Sagi,et al.  Grb2 mediates the EGF-dependent activation of guanine nucleotide exchange on Ras , 1993, Nature.

[76]  R. Weinberg,et al.  Association of Sos Ras exchange protein with Grb2 is implicated in tyrosine kinase signal transduction and transformation , 1993, Nature.

[77]  T. Pawson,et al.  The SH2 and SH3 domains of mammalian Grb2 couple the EGF receptor to the Ras activator mSos1 , 1993, Nature.

[78]  A. Ullrich,et al.  The SH2/SH3 domain‐containing protein GRB2 interacts with tyrosine‐phosphorylated IRS1 and Shc: implications for insulin control of ras signalling. , 1993, The EMBO journal.

[79]  M. White,et al.  The New Elements of Insulin Signaling: Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 and Proteins With SH2 Domains , 1993, Diabetes.

[80]  E. Hafen,et al.  A Drosophila SH2-SH3 adaptor protein implicated in coupling the sevenless tyrosine kinase to an activator of Ras guanine nucleotide exchange, Sos , 1993, Cell.

[81]  J. Pessin,et al.  Relationship between alpha subunit ligand occupancy and beta subunit autophosphorylation in insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 hybrid receptors. , 1993, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[82]  H. Werner,et al.  Up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor gene expression in patients with reduced serum IGF-I levels. , 1993, Journal of molecular endocrinology.

[83]  M. White,et al.  IRS-1 is a common element in insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I signaling to the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase. , 1993, Endocrinology.

[84]  T. Pawson,et al.  SH2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase as a target of protein-tyrosine kinases. , 1993, Science.

[85]  K. Siddle,et al.  Purified hybrid insulin/insulin-like growth factor-I receptors bind insulin-like growth factor-I, but not insulin, with high affinity. , 1993, The Biochemical journal.

[86]  C. Roberts,et al.  Role of tyrosine kinase activity in signal transduction by the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor. Characterization of kinase-deficient IGF-I receptors and the action of an IGF-I-mimetic antibody (alpha IR-3). , 1993, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[87]  W. Rutter,et al.  Modulating effects of the extracellular sequence of the human insulinlike growth factor I receptor on its transforming and tumorigenic potential , 1993, Journal of virology.

[88]  D. Bonthron,et al.  Human platelet-derived growth factor A chain is transcriptionally repressed by the Wilms tumor suppressor WT1. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[89]  S. Melmed,et al.  Human insulin-like growth factor I receptor function in pituitary cells is suppressed by a dominant negative mutant. , 1992, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[90]  C. Roberts,et al.  The growth-stimulatory effect of simian virus 40 T antigen requires the interaction of insulinlike growth factor 1 with its receptor , 1992, Molecular and cellular biology.

[91]  G. Lienhard,et al.  Components of signaling pathways for insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I in muscle myoblasts and myotubes. , 1992, Endocrinology.

[92]  S. Melmed,et al.  Human insulin-like growth factor I receptor 950tyrosine is required for somatotroph growth factor signal transduction. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[93]  D. Yee,et al.  Gene expression of the insulin-like growth factors and their receptors in human neuroblastoma cell lines. , 1992, Brain research. Molecular brain research.

[94]  H. Werner,et al.  Structural and functional analysis of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene promoter. , 1992, Molecular endocrinology.

[95]  H. Kurachi,et al.  A new member of the insulin receptor family, insulin receptor-related receptor, is expressed preferentially in the kidney. , 1992, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[96]  R. Roth,et al.  The insulin receptor-related receptor. Tissue expression, ligand binding specificity, and signaling capabilities. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[97]  T. Russo,et al.  Sp1 DNA binding efficiency is highly reduced in nuclear extracts from aged rat tissues. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[98]  B. Margolis,et al.  Phosphatidylinositol 3′‐kinase is activated by association with IRS‐1 during insulin stimulation. , 1992, The EMBO journal.

[99]  C. Pinset,et al.  Preferential binding of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) to a putative α2β2 IGF-II receptor type in C2 myoblasts , 1992 .

[100]  A. Ullrich,et al.  The SH2 and SH3 domain-containing protein GRB2 links receptor tyrosine kinases to ras signaling , 1992, Cell.

[101]  J. Marvaldi,et al.  Expression of type I, but not type II insulin-like growth factor receptor on both undifferentiated and differentiated HT29 human colon carcinoma cell line. , 1992, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[102]  G I Bell,et al.  Repression of the insulin-like growth factor II gene by the Wilms tumor suppressor WT1. , 1992, Science.

[103]  T. Pawson,et al.  A novel transforming protein (SHC) with an SH2 domain is implicated in mitogenic signal transduction , 1992, Cell.

[104]  N. Møłler,et al.  Identification of determinants that confer ligand specificity on the insulin receptor. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[105]  E. Van Obberghen,et al.  Dephosphorylation of human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptors by membrane-associated tyrosine phosphatases. , 1992, The Biochemical journal.

[106]  A. Ullrich,et al.  A panel of monoclonal antibodies for the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor. Epitope mapping, effects on ligand binding, and biological activity. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[107]  H. Antoniades,et al.  Expression of c-sis/platelet-derived growth factor B, insulin-like growth factor I, and transforming growth factor alpha messenger RNAs and their respective receptor messenger RNAs in primary human gastric carcinomas: in vivo studies with in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. , 1992, Cancer research.

[108]  R. Garofalo,et al.  Functional and immunological distinction between insulin-like growth factor I receptor subtypes in KB cells. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[109]  H. Häring,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor I-dependent tyrosine kinase activity in stromal cells of human endometrium in vitro. , 1992, The American journal of physiology.

[110]  F. Khan-dawood,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor I receptors in human corpora lutea. , 1992 .

[111]  D. Clemmons.  IGF binding proteins: regulation of cellular actions. , 1992, Growth regulation.

[112]  J. Murray,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene structure. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[113]  P. Gluckman,et al.  Presence of insulin-like growth factor-I receptors and absence of growth hormone receptors in the antler tip. , 1992, Endocrinology.

[114]  P. Shier,et al.  Tissue-specific expression of the rat insulin receptor-related receptor gene. , 1992, Molecular endocrinology.

[115]  W. Ludwig,et al.  Characterisation of insulin-like growth factor I receptors of human acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cell lines and primary ALL cells. , 1992, European journal of cancer.

[116]  C. Roberts,et al.  Effect of a growth hormone-releasing factor antagonist on compensatory renal growth, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF-I receptor gene expression after unilateral nephrectomy in immature rats. , 1992, Endocrinology.

[117]  S. Narayan,et al.  Characterization of insulinlike growth factor I receptors in human colon cancer. , 1992, Gastroenterology.

[118]  V. Sukhatme.  The Egr transcription factor family: from signal transduction to kidney differentiation. , 1992, Kidney international.

[119]  S. Gammeltoft,et al.  Gene Expression and Receptor Binding of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐II in Pig Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells , 1992, Journal of neurochemistry.

[120]  J. Sussenbach,et al.  Structure and expression of the human insulin-like growth factor genes. , 1992, Growth regulation.

[121]  S. Jacobs,et al.  Insulin/IGF‐I receptor hybrids: A mechanism for increasing receptor diversity , 1992, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[122]  S. Dey,et al.  Expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its receptor in the peri-implantation mouse uterus, and cell-specific regulation of IGF-I gene expression by estradiol and progesterone. , 1992, Biology of reproduction.

[123]  H. Werner,et al.  Cellular pattern of type-I insulin-like growth factor receptor gene expression during maturation of the rat brain: Comparison with insulin-like growth factors I and II , 1992, Neuroscience.

[124]  E. Adashi,et al.  Expression of the genes encoding the insulin-like growth factors and their receptors in the human ovary. , 1992, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[125]  H. Antoniades,et al.  Expression of insulin‐like growth factors I and II and their receptor mRNAs in primary human astrocytomas and meningiomas; in vivo studies using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry , 1992, International journal of cancer.

[126]  A. Ullrich,et al.  Expression of a type I insulin-like growth factor receptor with low affinity for insulin-like growth factor II. , 1992, The Biochemical journal.

[127]  R. Kozak,et al.  Expression and function of insulin-like growth factor receptors on anti-CD3-activated human T lymphocytes. , 1992, Journal of immunology.

[128]  W. Rutter,et al.  Enhancement of transforming potential of human insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor by N-terminal truncation and fusion to avian sarcoma virus UR2 gag sequence , 1992, Journal of virology.

[129]  S. Rosenzweig,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor-1 induces tyrosyl phosphorylation of nuclear proteins. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[130]  B. Arafah.  Insulin-like growth factor-I receptors in the rat adrenals. , 1991, The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine.

[131]  M. Kozak,et al.  An analysis of vertebrate mRNA sequences: intimations of translational control , 1991, The Journal of cell biology.

[132]  A. Ullrich,et al.  Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 binding specificity is determined by distinct regions of their cognate receptors. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[133]  R. Simmen,et al.  Constitutive expression of uterine receptors for insulin-like growth factor-I during the peri-implantation period in the pig. , 1991, Biology of reproduction.

[134]  S. Madden,et al.  Transcriptional repression mediated by the WT1 Wilms tumor gene product. , 1991, Science.

[135]  K. Menon,et al.  Studies on rat luteal cell response to insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I): identification of a specific cell membrane receptor for IGF-I in the luteinized rat ovary. , 1991, Endocrinology.

[136]  D. Porte,et al.  Localization of type I insulin-like growth factor receptor messenger RNA in the adult rat brain by in situ hybridization. , 1991, Molecular endocrinology.

[137]  C. Frolik,et al.  Binding of insulin‐like growth factors to cultured rat calvarial cells with differing biologic responses , 1991, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[138]  J. Zheng,et al.  Crystal structure of the catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. , 1991, Science.

[139]  A. Shuldiner,et al.  Genes encoding receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor I are expressed in Xenopus oocytes and embryos. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[140]  D. Cooke,et al.  Analysis of the human type I insulin-like growth factor receptor promoter region. , 1991, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[141]  N. Møłler,et al.  The ligand specificities of the insulin receptor and the insulin-like growth factor I receptor reside in different regions of a common binding site. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[142]  R. Furlanetto,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor-I binds selectively to human peripheral blood monocytes and B-lymphocytes. , 1991, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[143]  F. Zindy,et al.  Expression of insulin‐like growth factor II and receptors for insulin‐like growth factor II, insulin‐like growth factor I and insulin in isolated and cultured rat hepatocytes , 1991, Hepatology.

[144]  A. Brunetti,et al.  Fibroblast growth factor inhibits insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) gene expression and increases IGF-I receptor abundance in BC3H-1 muscle cells. , 1991, Molecular endocrinology.

[145]  V. Papa,et al.  Progestins induce down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptors in human breast cancer cells: potential autocrine role of IGF-II. , 1991, Molecular endocrinology.

[146]  Means Rt,et al.  Quantitation of insulin-like growth factor-I binding to highly purified human erythroid colony-forming units. , 1991 .

[147]  J. Saffer,et al.  Developmental expression of Sp1 in the mouse , 1991, Molecular and cellular biology.

[148]  D. P. Murphy,et al.  Synergistic effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor I/somatomedin C (IGF-I) on keratinocyte proliferation may be mediated by IGF-I transmodulation of the EGF receptor. , 1991, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[149]  神尾 多喜浩.  Immunoreactivity and receptor expression of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin in human adrenal tumors : an immunohistochemical study of 94 cases , 1991 .

[150]  T. Mantle,et al.  Comparison of type 1 insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor binding in ovine tissue and human placental membranes. , 1991, Biochemical Society transactions.

[151]  E. Van Obberghen,et al.  Insulin and insulin-like-growth-factor-I (IGF-I) receptors in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Comparison with insulin receptors from liver and muscle. , 1991, The Biochemical journal.

[152]  R. Baxter,et al.  Insulin‐Like Growth Factor (IGF) Binding Proteins: the Role of Serum IGFBPs in Regulating IGF Availability , 1991, Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. Supplement.

[153]  S. Gammeltoft,et al.  Receptor Binding, Endocytosis, and Mitogenesis of Insulin‐Like Growth Factors I and II in Fetal Rat Brain Neurons , 1991, Journal of neurochemistry.

[154]  B. Burguera,et al.  Experimental Diabetes Increases Insulinlike Growth Factor I and II Receptor Concentration and Gene Expression in Kidney , 1990, Diabetes.

[155]  A. Ullrich,et al.  Receptor-mediated internalization of insulin requires a 12-amino acid sequence in the juxtamembrane region of the insulin receptor beta-subunit. , 1990, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[156]  A. Ullrich,et al.  Receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I can form hybrid dimers. Characterisation of hybrid receptors in transfected cells. , 1990, The Biochemical journal.

[157]  H. Werner,et al.  Cellular pattern of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and type I IGF receptor gene expression in early organogenesis: comparison with IGF-II gene expression. , 1990, Molecular endocrinology.

[158]  E. Kohn,et al.  Heterogeneity of the motility responses in malignant tumor cells: A biological basis for the diversity and homing of metastatic cells , 1990, International journal of cancer.

[159]  N. Møłler,et al.  Changing the insulin receptor to possess insulin-like growth factor I ligand specificity. , 1990, Biochemistry.

[160]  K. Hall,et al.  Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins. , 1990, Physiological reviews.

[161]  H. Werner,et al.  Cloning and characterization of the proximal promoter region of the rat insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor gene. , 1990, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[162]  H. Häring,et al.  An altered IGF-I receptor is present in human leukemic cells. , 1990, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[163]  R. Humbel,et al.  Insulin-like growth factors I and II. , 1990, European journal of biochemistry.

[164]  I. Smith,et al.  Autocrine function for insulin-like growth factor I in human small cell lung cancer cell lines and fresh tumor cells. , 1990, Cancer research.

[165]  D. Accili,et al.  Structural and functional analysis of the insulin receptor promoter. , 1990, Molecular endocrinology.

[166]  A. Poustka,et al.  Homozygous deletion in Wilms tumours of a zinc-finger gene identified by chromosome jumping , 1990, Nature.

[167]  D. Housman,et al.  Isolation and characterization of a zinc finger polypeptide gene at the human chromosome 11 Wilms' tumor locus , 1990, Cell.

[168]  D. Housman,et al.  Complete physical map of the WAGR region of 11p13 localizes a candidate Wilms' tumor gene , 1990, Cell.

[169]  W. Rutter,et al.  Overexpression of the human insulinlike growth factor I receptor promotes ligand-dependent neoplastic transformation , 1990, Molecular and cellular biology.

[170]  J. Treadway,et al.  Assembly of insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 hybrid receptors in vitro. , 1989, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[171]  D. Yee,et al.  Identification of an alternate type I insulin-like growth factor receptor beta subunit mRNA transcript. , 1989, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[172]  J. Foekens,et al.  Prognostic value of receptors for insulin-like growth factor 1, somatostatin, and epidermal growth factor in human breast cancer. , 1989, Cancer research.

[173]  S. Gammeltoft,et al.  Functional receptors for insulin-like growth factors I and II in rat thymocytes and mouse thymoma cells , 1989, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.

[174]  M. Lane,et al.  Characterization of the mouse insulin receptor gene promoter. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[175]  T. Gansler,et al.  Antibody to type I insulinlike growth factor receptor inhibits growth of Wilms' tumor in culture and in athymic mice. , 1989, The American journal of pathology.

[176]  L. Hartwell,et al.  Checkpoints: controls that ensure the order of cell cycle events. , 1989, Science.

[177]  A. Herington,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor-I and its autocrine role in growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in culture. , 1989, Journal of molecular endocrinology.

[178]  J. Roth,et al.  Development of receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I in head and brain of chick embryos: autoradiographic localization. , 1989, Endocrinology.

[179]  K. Siddle,et al.  Immunological relationships between receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor I. Evidence for structural heterogeneity of insulin-like growth factor I receptors involving hybrids with insulin receptors. , 1989, The Biochemical journal.

[180]  H. Werner,et al.  Developmental regulation of the rat insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[181]  M. Niwa,et al.  Characterization of insulin-like growth factor I and epidermal growth factor receptors in meningioma. , 1989, Journal of neurosurgery.

[182]  C. Mummery,et al.  Human teratocarcinoma cells express functional insulin-like growth factor I receptors. , 1989, Experimental cell research.

[183]  P. Shier,et al.  Primary structure of a putative receptor for a ligand of the insulin family. , 1989, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[184]  T. Alexandrides,et al.  A novel fetal insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I receptor. Mechanism for increased IGF I- and insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity in fetal muscle. , 1989, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[185]  V. Duronio,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor I receptor beta-subunit heterogeneity. Evidence for hybrid tetramers composed of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin receptor heterodimers. , 1989, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[186]  H. Werner,et al.  Regulation by fasting of rat insulin-like growth factor I and its receptor. Effects on gene expression and binding. , 1989, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[187]  G. Condorelli,et al.  Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) stimulate phosphorylation of a Mr 175,000 cytoskeleton-associated protein in intact FRTL5 cells. , 1989, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[188]  Kunihiko Ito,et al.  Expression of insulin-like growth factor receptors in primary human thyroid neoplasms. , 1989, Acta endocrinologica.

[189]  O. Rosen,et al.  Insulin and insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptors during central nervous system development: expression of two immunologically distinct IGF-1 receptor beta subunits , 1989, Molecular and cellular biology.

[190]  E. Rutanen,et al.  Binding of epidermal growth factor and insulin‐like growth‐factor I in renal carcinoma and adjacent normal kidney tissue , 1989, International journal of cancer.

[191]  J. Foekens,et al.  Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptors and insulin‐like growth factor‐1‐like activity in human primary breast cancer , 1989, Cancer.

[192]  R. Glick,et al.  Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I in brain tumors: binding and in vitro effects. , 1989, Neurosurgery.

[193]  P. Khairallah,et al.  Insulin-like growth factors and neonatal cardiomyocyte development: ventricular gene expression and membrane receptor variations in normotensive and hypertensive rats , 1989, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.

[194]  D. Baltimore,et al.  The “initiator” as a transcription control element , 1989, Cell.

[195]  M. Rechler,et al.  Rat C6 glial cells synthesize insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and express IGF-I receptors and IGF-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptors. , 1989, Endocrinology.

[196]  D. Yee,et al.  Analysis of insulin-like growth factor I gene expression in malignancy: evidence for a paracrine role in human breast cancer. , 1989, Molecular endocrinology.

[197]  F. Minuto,et al.  Immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-I-binding protein content in human thyroid tissue. , 1989, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[198]  T. Alexandrides,et al.  Developmental expression of receptors for insulin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and IGF-II in rat skeletal muscle. , 1989, Endocrinology.

[199]  P. Rotwein,et al.  Insulin-like growth factors I and II. Peptide, messenger ribonucleic acid and gene structures, serum, and tissue concentrations. , 1989, Endocrine reviews.

[200]  J. Bonneterre,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors in human breast cancer and their relation to estradiol and progesterone receptors. , 1988, Cancer research.

[201]  C. Pert,et al.  Receptors for insulin-like growth factors I and II: autoradiographic localization in rat brain and comparison to receptors for insulin. , 1988, Endocrinology.

[202]  I. Goldfine,et al.  Sequence and Analysis of Promoter Region of Human Insulin-Receptor Gene , 1988, Diabetes.

[203]  C. Polychronakos,et al.  Characterization of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptors of human breast cancer cells. , 1988, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[204]  P. Schofield,et al.  Insulin-like growth factors and the multiplication of Tera-2, a human teratoma-derived cell line. , 1988, Journal of cell science.

[205]  T. Hunter,et al.  The protein kinase family: conserved features and deduced phylogeny of the catalytic domains. , 1988, Science.

[206]  C. Jacquemin,et al.  Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors during postnatal development of rat brain. , 1988, Brain research.

[207]  F. Minuto,et al.  Evidence for autocrine mitogenic stimulation by somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I on an established human lung cancer cell line. , 1988, Cancer research.

[208]  J. Minna,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor-I can mediate autocrine proliferation of human small cell lung cancer cell lines in vitro. , 1988, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[209]  G. Jaques,et al.  Production of immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor I and response to exogenous IGF-I in small cell lung cancer cell lines. , 1988, Experimental cell research.

[210]  D. Leroith,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor I receptors on mouse neuroblastoma cells. Two beta subunits are derived from differences in glycosylation. , 1988, European journal of biochemistry.

[211]  I. Black,et al.  Insulin growth factors regulate the mitotic cycle in cultured rat sympathetic neuroblasts. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[212]  R. Baxter,et al.  A comparison of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor I receptors from rat brain and liver. , 1988, Endocrinology.

[213]  R. Voutilainen,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein from human decidua inhibits the binding and biological action of IGF-I in cultured choriocarcinoma cells. , 1988, Endocrinology.

[214]  D. Wilson,et al.  Demonstration of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I and -II) receptors and binding protein in human breast cancer cell lines. , 1988, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[215]  C. Kahn,et al.  Tryptic activation of the insulin receptor. Proteolytic truncation of the alpha-subunit releases the beta-subunit from inhibitory control. , 1988, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[216]  J. Poulos,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor I binding in hepatocytes from human liver, human hepatoma, and normal, regenerating, and fetal rat liver. , 1988, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[217]  D. Dorsa,et al.  Localization of binding sites for insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in the rat brain by quantitative autoradiography , 1988, Brain Research.

[218]  E. Rutanen,et al.  Receptors for epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I and their relation to steroid receptors in human breast cancer. , 1988, Cancer research.

[219]  T. Ranta,et al.  Characterization of functional type I insulin-like growth factor receptors from human choriocarcinoma cells. , 1988, Endocrinology.

[220]  I. Smith,et al.  Somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor-I is a mitogen for human small cell lung cancer. , 1988, British Journal of Cancer.

[221]  R. Margolese,et al.  Presence of somatomedin receptors on primary human breast and colon carcinomas. , 1987, Cancer letters.

[222]  R. Borchardt,et al.  Demonstration and structural comparison of receptors for insulin-like growth factor-I and -II (IGF-I and -II) in brain and blood-brain barrier. , 1987, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[223]  D. Leroith,et al.  Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I stimulate a common endogenous phosphoprotein substrate (pp185) in intact neuroblastoma cells. , 1987, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[224]  P. Greenberg,et al.  Receptor binding and mitogenic effects of insulin and insulinlike growth factors I and II for human myeloid leukemic cells , 1987, Journal of cellular physiology.

[225]  Y. Zick,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor I receptors in retinal rod outer segments. , 1987, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[226]  D. Leroith,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor I receptors in neuronal and glial cells. Characterization and biological effects in primary culture. , 1987, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[227]  H. Ditschuneit,et al.  Interaction of receptors for insulin-like growth factor I, platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor in rat aortic cells. , 1987, Endocrinology.

[228]  S. Burgess,et al.  Characterization of a neuronal subtype of insulin-like growth factor I receptor. , 1987, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[229]  R. Horikawa,et al.  Characterization of insulin-like growth factor I receptors on human erythroleukemia cell line (K-562 cells). , 1987, Endocrinologia japonica.

[230]  P. R. Gilmore,et al.  Evidence for a subtype of insulin-like growth factor I receptor in brain , 1986, Regulatory Peptides.

[231]  W. Pardridge,et al.  Binding and Internalization of Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factors by Isolated Brain Microvessels , 1986, Diabetes.

[232]  M. Rechler,et al.  Effects of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-II, and nerve growth factor on neurite formation and survival in cultured sympathetic and sensory neurons , 1986, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[233]  M. Brown,et al.  A receptor-mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis. , 1986, Science.

[234]  J. Roth,et al.  Ontogeny of receptors for insulin-like peptides in chick embryo tissues: early dominance of insulin-like growth factor over insulin receptors in brain. , 1985, Endocrinology.

[235]  K. Jarnagin,et al.  The human insulin receptor cDNA: The structural basis for hormone-activated transmembrane signalling , 1985, Cell.

[236]  A. Moses,et al.  Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the IGF-I receptor that inhibit IGF-I binding to human cells. , 1985, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[237]  P. H. Seeburg,et al.  Human insulin receptor and its relationship to the tyrosine kinase family of oncogenes , 1985, Nature.

[238]  R. Furlanetto,et al.  Somatomedin-C receptors and growth effects in human breast cells maintained in long-term tissue culture. , 1984, Cancer research.

[239]  P. Cuatrecasas,et al.  Monoclonal antibodies to receptors for insulin and somatomedin-C. , 1983, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[240]  D. Clemmons,et al.  Variables controlling somatomedin production by cultured human fibroblasts , 1983, Journal of cellular physiology.

[241]  R. Rosenfeld,et al.  Characterization of the somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I (SM-C/IGF-I) receptor on cultured human fibroblast monolayers: regulation of receptor concentrations by SM-C/IGF-I and insulin. , 1982, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[242]  R. Hintz,et al.  Characterization of a specific receptor for somatomedin C (SM-C) on cultured human lymphocytes: evidence that SM-C modulates homologous receptor concentration. , 1980, Endocrinology.

[243]  C T Roberts,et al.  Essential role of tyrosine residues 1131, 1135, and 1136 of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor in IGF-I action. , 1994, Molecular endocrinology.

[244]  M. Rechler.  Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. , 1993, Vitamins and hormones.

[245]  R. Baserga,et al.  Cell cycle and growth control. , 1993, Critical reviews in eukaryotic gene expression.

[246]  D. Clemmons,et al.  The insulin-like growth factors. , 1993, Annual review of physiology.

[247]  I. Goldfine,et al.  Cloning and characterization of the human insulin-like growth factor-I receptor gene 5'-flanking region. , 1992, DNA and cell biology.

[248]  K. Bell,et al.  Insulin and the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in preimplantation development. , 1992, Reproduction, fertility, and development.

[249]  B. McBride,et al.  Specific insulin-like growth factor-I receptors on circulating bovine mononuclear cells. , 1992, Journal of receptor research.

[250]  R. Tjian,et al.  28 Mechanisms of Transcriptional Control as Revealed by Studies of Human Transcription Factor Sp1 , 1992 .

[251]  A. Moses,et al.  Characterization of insulin-like growth factor receptors in human thyroid tissue. , 1992, Receptor.

[252]  M. Nagamani,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor I and II binding in human myometrium and leiomyomas. , 1992, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[253]  D. Wilson,et al.  Insulin-like growth factors are mitogenic for human keratinocytes and a squamous cell carcinoma. , 1991, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[254]  K. Kubota,et al.  Characterization of receptors for insulin-like growth factors in human brain. , 1991, Gerontology.

[255]  O. Søvik,et al.  Binding of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I in bovine chromaffin cells in primary culture. , 1991, The International journal of biochemistry.

[256]  C. Goddard,et al.  Stimulation of DNA synthesis in chicken muscle satellite cells by insulin and insulin-like growth factors: evidence for exclusive mediation by a type-I insulin-like growth factor receptor. , 1991, The Journal of endocrinology.

[257]  E. Ohmura,et al.  Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Transforming Growth Factor α as Autocrine Growth Factors in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth , 1990 .

[258]  W. Sly,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor receptor expression and function in human breast cancer. , 1990, Cancer research.

[259]  Y. Ebina,et al.  Characterization of the promoter region of the human insulin receptor gene. , 1989, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[260]  C. Conover,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor receptors and binding protein in rat neuroblastoma cells. , 1989, Endocrinology.

[261]  D. Leroith,et al.  Development of brain insulin receptors. , 1988, The International journal of biochemistry.

[262]  S. Smith,et al.  Characterization of insulin, insulin-like growth factors I and II, and growth hormone receptors on human leukemic lymphoblasts. , 1986, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.

[263]  M. Rechler,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor receptors. , 1985, Journal of cell science. Supplement.