Fast impedance spectroscopy: General aspects and performance study for single ion channel measurements

In the present work, we propose a novel technical approach in time domain impedance spectroscopy enabling both enhanced time and current resolution by an improved data analysis and hardware setup. We introduce nonstationary time-to-frequency conversion methods such as short-time Fourier transform and wavelet transform resulting in an improved time resolution. The combination of a time domain impedance spectrometer with a patch-clamp amplifier enables the resolution of gigaohm impedance at low perturbation signal amplitudes. A fast impedance spectroscopy (FIS) setup is presented which is optimized for biophysical application of single ion channel measurements in supported biomembranes. The applicability and performance of the technique is first evaluated by simulations. It is then verified by measurements on model circuits which exhibit the characteristic key properties of single ion channel measurements. Here, FIS improves the time resolution by about three orders of magnitude down to milliseconds. The ge...

[1]  R. N. Schindler,et al.  A new impedance spectrometer for the investigation of electrochemical systems , 1992 .

[2]  F. Harris.  On the use of windows for harmonic analysis with the discrete Fourier transform , 1978, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[3]  A. Plant.  Self-assembled phospholipid/alkanethiol biomimetic bilayers on gold , 1993 .

[4]  Claude Gabrielli,et al.  Comparison of sine wave and white noise analysis for electrochemical impedance measurements , 1992 .

[5]  E. Sackmann,et al.  On the application of supported bilayers as receptive layers for biosensors with electrical detection , 1993 .

[6]  John G. Ackenhusen.  Signal processing technology and applications , 1995 .

[7]  P. Nollert,et al.  Impedance spectroscopy of porin and gramicidin pores reconstituted into supported lipid bilayers on indium-tin-oxide electrodes , 1998 .

[8]  William H. Press,et al.  Numerical recipes in C , 2002 .

[9]  B. Cornell,et al.  A biosensor that uses ion-channel switches , 1997, Nature.

[10]  Peter Fromherz,et al.  Membrane-transistor cable , 1998 .

[11]  B. Sakmann,et al.  Single-Channel Recording , 1995, Springer US.

[12]  R. N. Schindler,et al.  Optimization of the perturbation signal for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the time domain , 1993 .

[13]  H. Galla,et al.  Impedance analysis of ion transport through gramicidin channels incorporated in solid supported lipid bilayers , 1997 .

[14]  S B Hladky,et al.  Ion transport across thin lipid membranes: a critical discussion of mechanisms in selected systems , 1972, Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics.

[15]  E. Sackmann,et al.  Supported Membranes: Scientific and Practical Applications , 1996, Science.